Ziziphi iiparameters ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ulungisa i-inverter yelanga?

Ziziphi iiparameters ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ulungisa i-inverter yelanga?

1. Iiparamitha zokufaka

1.1 Uluhlu lwamandla ombane we-DC
Uluhlu lwe-voltage yegalelo le-DC yenye yeeparamitha eziphambili xa ulungisa i-inverter yelanga. Umbane ophumayo wepaneli yelanga uya kwahluka ngenxa yezinto ezinjengokukhanya kokukhanya kunye nobushushu. I-inverter kufuneka ikwazi ukwamkela i-voltage ye-DC ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo. Ngokomzekelo, uluhlu lwe-voltage ye-DC encinci eqhelekileyoinverter yelangaidla ngokuba phakathi kwe-100V kunye ne-500V, ngelixa uluhlu lwe-voltage yegalelo le-inverter enkulu yorhwebo lunokuba banzi, njenge-150V ukuya kwi-800V. Ukuba i-voltage yegalelo idlula olu luhlu, i-inverter inokungena kwindawo yokukhusela kwaye ingaphumeleli ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye inokonakalisa amacandelo angaphakathi. Ke ngoko, xa ulungisa iimpazamo, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba iimpawu zombane ophumayo weyona panel yelanga esetyenziswayo zihambelana noluhlu lwe-DC yegalelo lombane we-inverter.

1.2 Ubuninzi begalelo langoku
Ubuninzi begalelo langoku bumisela elona xabiso liphezulu langoku elinokuphathwa yi-inverter. Le parameter ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwe-inverter kwigalelo lamandla aphezulu. Ukuba igalelo langoku lingaphezulu kwexabiso eliphezulu, linokubangela ukushisa ngaphakathi kwi-inverter, konakalise izixhobo zamandla, kwaye kubangele iingozi zokhuseleko ezifana nomlilo. Ngokomzekelo, i-inverter yelanga enegunya elilinganisiweyo le-5kW idla ngokufaka igalelo eliphezulu phakathi kwe-20A kunye ne-30A. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokugunyazisa, igalelo langoku lifuna ukujongwa ngamadivayisi afana ne-sensors zangoku ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ayidluli ubuninzi bomda wangoku we-inverter. Ukongezelela, ubuninzi bemveliso yangoku yepaneli yelanga phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhanyisa kunye nokudibanisa kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umbane wenkqubo yonke ungaphakathi kwendawo ekhuselekileyo.

1.3 Uluhlu lwamandla ombane weMPPT
Uluhlu lwe-voltage ephezulu yokulandelela (MPPT) yiparameter ekufuneka igxininiswe kuyo xa ugunyazisa i-inverter yelanga. Amandla okukhutshwa kwepaneli yelanga ayihambelani ngokubhekiselele kumbane kunye nangoku, kwaye kukho indawo ephezulu yamandla. Umsebenzi weMPPT wenza ukuba i-inverter ihlale isebenza kwindawo ephezulu yamandla epaneli yelanga, ngaloo ndlela ikhulisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla okusebenza kakuhle. Uluhlu lwe-MPPT ye-voltage ye-inverter ngokuqhelekileyo ihambelana noluhlu lwe-voltage ephumayo yepaneli yelanga. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-inverter ene-MPPT yoluhlu lwe-voltage ye-150V ukuya kwi-400V, ukuba i-voltage ephumayo yepaneli yelanga ingaphakathi kolu luhlu, i-inverter inokwenza ngokufanelekileyo ulawulo lwe-MPPT. Ngexesha lokugunyaziswa, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-voltage ephumayo yepaneli yelanga ingaphakathi kwe-MPPT yoluhlu lwe-voltage ye-inverter kunye nokuba i-algorithm ye-MPPT ye-inverter inokulandelela ngokuchanekileyo indawo ephezulu yamandla. Ngolawulo oluchanekileyo lweMPPT, ukusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi kwenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga kunokuphuculwa, kwaye ukuveliswa kwamandla kunokongezwa nge-10% ukuya kwi-30%.

2. Iiparamitha zemveliso

2.1 Umbane ophumayo
I-voltage ephumayo iyipharamitha ebalulekileyo ngexesha lokugunyaziswa kwe-inverter yelanga, ehambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokuba i-inverter inokunika amandla azinzileyo kunye athembekileyo kumthwalo. Umbane ophumayo we-inverter udla ngokufuna ukutshatisa i-voltage yegridi okanye i-voltage elinganisiweyo yesixhobo somthwalo. Umzekelo, kwisiguquli selanga esiqhagamshelwe kwigridi, amandla ombane aphumayo abekwe ngokubanzi malunga ne-220V okanye i-380V ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zombane wasekhaya okanye worhwebo. Kwii-inverters zelanga ezingaphandle kwegridi, umbane ophumayo unokwahluka ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo, njenge-12V, 24V okanye 48V. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokugunyazisa, i-voltmeter echanekileyo ephezulu okanye i-oscilloscope iyafuneka ukulinganisa ubungakanani kunye ne-waveform ye-voltage ephumayo. Ukuzinza kombane ophumayo nako kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye uluhlu lwalo lokuguquguquka kufuneka lulawuleke ngokubanzi ngaphakathi ± 5% yombane olinganisiweyo. Ukuba i-voltage ephumayo iphezulu kakhulu okanye iphantsi kakhulu, izixhobo zomthwalo zinokonakala okanye zisilele ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongeza, i-voltage ephumayo ye-inverter kufuneka ibe neempawu ezintle zokuphendula eziguqukayo ukumelana notshintsho olukhawulezayo kumthwalo. Ngokomzekelo, xa umthwalo ukhula ngokukhawuleza okanye uyancipha, i-inverter kufuneka ikwazi ukulungelelanisa i-voltage ephumayo kwisimo esizinzileyo ngexesha elifutshane ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwenkqubo.

2.2 Imveliso rhoqo
Ubuninzi bemveliso yenye iparameter engundoqo xa ulungisa i-inverter yelanga, ngakumbi kwii-inverters eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi, i-frequency yayo yokuphuma kufuneka idityaniswe ngokungqongqo kunye nefrikhwensi yegridi. I-frequency yegridi ihlala i-50Hz okanye i-60Hz, kwaye i-frequency ye-output ye-inverter kufuneka itshixiwe ngokuchanekileyo kule frequency ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye nokusebenza okuzinzile kwegridi. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungiswa kweempazamo, imitha yamatyeli okanye i-oscilloscope iyafuneka ukulinganisa ubungakanani kunye nokuzinza kokuphuma rhoqo. Ukuchaneka kokuphuma rhoqo kufuneka kulawulwe ngokubanzi ngaphakathi ± 0.1Hz. Ukuba i-frequency yemveliso ayihambelani ne-frequency yegridi, inokubangela ukuguquguquka rhoqo kwegridi, kuchaphazele ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezinye izixhobo, kwaye kunokubangela ukusilela kwegridi. Kwii-inverters ze-solar ezingaphandle kwegridi, i-frequency ye-output frequency nayo kufuneka ihlale izinzile ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno ze-frequency yesixhobo somthwalo. Umzekelo, ezinye izixhobo zombane zineemfuno eziphezulu zozinzo lwamaza. Ukuba i-frequency yemveliso ayizinzanga, inokubangela ukusebenza okungaqhelekanga okanye umonakalo kwisixhobo. Ke ngoko, ngexesha lokulungiswa kweempazamo, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-frequency control circuit ye-inverter inokulandelela ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ilungelelanise i-frequency ye-output frequency ukuze ihlale ihlala ngaphakathi koluhlu oluchaziweyo.

2.3 Amandla emveliso
Amandla emveliso sisalathisi esibalulekileyo sokulinganisa ukusebenza kwee-inverters zelanga. Ibonisa amandla okuguqula amandla e-inverter ngaphakathi kwexesha elithile. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungisa, amandla okukhutshwa kwe-inverter kufuneka alinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye avavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba angakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomthwalo. Amandla aphumayo axhomekeke kumandla okufakelwa kwepaneli yelanga, ukuguqulwa kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-inverter, kunye nobukhulu bomthwalo. Ngokomzekelo, i-inverter yelanga enamandla e-5kW kufuneka ibe namandla aphumayo asondele kwi-5kW phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni okwenyani, ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngokukhanya kokukhanya, ubushushu, ilahleko ye-inverter, njl. Ngexesha lokulungiswa kweempazamo, kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa amandla okuvelisa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana nabahlalutyi bamandla kwaye ulungelelanise ngokwemiqathango yomthwalo wangempela. Ukusebenza kokuguqulwa kwe-inverter yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela amandla aphumayo, okumele ukuba ngokubanzi abe phakathi kwe-80% kunye ne-90%. Ukusebenza koguqulo oluphezulu kuthetha ukuba amandla amaninzi elanga anokuguqulwa abe ngamandla ombane, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwayo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga. Ukongeza, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqwalaselwe iimpawu zamandla emveliso ye-inverter phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo, njengomthwalo okhanyayo, umthwalo opheleleyo kunye nomthwalo ogqithisileyo. Ngokomzekelo, phantsi komthwalo wokukhanya, amandla okuphuma kwe-inverter anokuncipha, kodwa kufuneka ahlale eqinile; phantsi komthwalo opheleleyo, i-inverter kufuneka ikwazi ukukhupha amandla alinganisiweyo; phantsi komthwalo ogqithisiweyo, i-inverter kufuneka ibe nomthamo othile wokugqithiswa, kodwa ayikwazi ukudlula uluhlu oluvunyelweyo, ngaphandle koko izixhobo zinokonakala.

3. Ubuchule kunye neeparamitha zokusebenza

3.1 Uguqulo olunempumelelo
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa yenye yezalathisi eziphambili zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwee-inverters zelanga. Ibonisa ukukwazi kwe-inverter ukuguqula ngoku ngokuthe ngqo kwi-alternating current. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwee-inverters zelanga kuphakathi kwe-80% kunye ne-95%. Ngokomzekelo, ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kwe-high-effective high-effective-single-phase microinverters inokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-95%, ngelixa ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kwee-inverters ze-string-phase string inverters ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-90% kunye ne-95%. Uguqulo oluphezulu olusebenzayo luthetha ukuba amandla amaninzi elanga anokuguqulwa ngokusebenzayo abe ngamandla ombane, ngokwenjenjalo ukwandisa ukuveliswa kwamandla enkqubo yokuvelisa umbane welanga. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokulungiswa kweempazamo, izixhobo zokulinganisa amandla ezichanekileyo zifunekayo ukuvavanya ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kwe-inverter ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo. Ukongezelela, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwe-inverter kuya kuchaphazeleka ngezinto ezifana nokushisa kunye nomthwalo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ubushushu be-ambient buphezulu kakhulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwe-inverter kunokuncipha. Ngoko ke, ngexesha lokulungiswa kweempazamo, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela iimeko zokushisa kwindawo yokusebenza yangempela ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-inverter inokugcina ukuguqulwa okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kwamaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo.

3.2 Umba waMandla
Into yamandla yiparameter ebalulekileyo yokulinganisa umgangatho we-inverter output power. Ibonisa umlinganiselo wemveliso yamandla esebenzayo ye-inverter kumandla abonakalayo. Kwii-inverters ze-solar ezixhunyiwe kwigridi, i-power factor ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka isondele kwi-1 ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye nokuzinza kwegridi yamandla. Ngokomzekelo, eYurophu, amazwe amaninzi afuna i-factor yamandla ye-grid-connected inverters ibe ngaphezu kwe-0.95. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokulungiswa kweempazamo, amandla ombane we-inverter kufuneka alinganiswe ngezixhobo ezifana ne-analyzer yamandla kunye nokulungelelaniswa ngokweemfuno zegridi yamandla. Amandla ohlengahlengiso lwamandla e-inverter nawo abaluleke kakhulu. Abanye abaguquli abaphambili banokufikelela kumandla okulungelelaniswayo phakathi kwe-0.9 kunye ne-1 ukuqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zegridi kunye neemfuno zomthwalo. Umzekelo, xa umthwalo ulula, i-factor yamandla inokulungiswa phantsi ukuze kuncitshiswe imveliso yamandla asebenzayo; xa umthwalo unzima, amandla ombane anokulungiswa ukuze kuphuculwe ukuhanjiswa kwamandla. Ngolungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lwezinto zamandla, ilahleko yamandla esebenzayo yegridi yamandla inokuncitshiswa kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwegridi yamandla kunokuphuculwa.

3.3 Umxholo ohambelanayo
Umxholo we-Harmonic sesinye sezibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo zokulinganisa umgangatho wokuphuma kwamandla kwi-inverter. Ibonakalisa inqanaba lokugqwethwa kombane ophumayo kunye nemo yamaza yangoku ye-inverter. I-voltage ye-output kunye ne-current inverter ye-solar ingaba nenani elithile lamacandelo e-harmonic, eya kuba nemiphumo emibi kwigridi yamandla kunye nezixhobo zokulayisha. Umzekelo, i-harmonics inokubangela iingxaki ezinje ngokuguquguquka kwamandla ombane wegridi, ukufudumeza kwezixhobo, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo zokukhusela. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokulungiswa kweempazamo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana nabahlalutyi be-harmonic ukulinganisa umxholo we-harmonic we-inverter kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ihlangabezana neemfuno zemigangatho efanelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umxholo we-harmonic we-inverter kufuneka ulawulwe ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile. Ngokomzekelo, ngokwemigangatho ye-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), i-harmonic distortion (THD) ye-inverter kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-5%. Abanye abaguquli abaphambili basebenzisa itekhnoloji yokucoca ephezulu kunye nolawulo lwe-algorithms ukunciphisa umxholo we-harmonic ukuya kwinqanaba elisezantsi. Ngokomzekelo, ii-inverters ezisebenzisa iteknoloji yokucoca esebenzayo inokunciphisa i-THD ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-2%. Ngolawulo olusebenzayo lwe-harmonic, umgangatho wamandla ophumayo we-inverter unokuphuculwa, impembelelo kwigridi yamandla kunye nezixhobo zomthwalo zingancitshiswa, kwaye ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga kunokuqinisekiswa.

4. Iiparamitha zomsebenzi wokhuseleko

4.1 Ukhuseleko lokugqithiswa kwamandla
Ukukhuselwa kwe-overvoltage yiparameter yomsebenzi obalulekileyo wokukhusela kwi-solar inverter commissioning. Xa i-voltage ye-output ye-inverter idlula umda wokhuseleko obekiweyo, indlela yokukhusela i-overvoltage iya kuqala ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela umonakalo kwisixhobo somthwalo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-inverter ye-solar edibeneyo yegridi, ukuba i-voltage yegridi iphakama ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yesiphoso okanye ezinye izizathu, umsebenzi wokukhusela i-inverter's overvoltage yokukhusela uya kunqumla imveliso xa i-voltage idlula i-10% ukuya kwi-15% yombane olinganisiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zomthwalo. Kwi-off-grid system, ukuba i-voltage iphezulu kakhulu emva kokuba ibhetri ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo, ukukhuselwa kwe-inverter overvoltage kuya kusebenza ngexesha lokuphepha umonakalo kwibhetri kunye nomthwalo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokugunyazisa, kuyimfuneko ukuseta ngokuchanekileyo umgubasi wokukhuselwa kwe-overvoltage ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo kunye neempawu zomthwalo, kwaye uvavanye isantya sokuphendula kunye nokuthembeka komsebenzi wokukhusela ngokufanisa iimeko zokugqithiswa kwe-overvoltage ukuqinisekisa ukuba unokukhawuleza kunye ngokuchanekileyo ukunqumla isiphaluka xa umbane ukhuphuka ngokungaqhelekanga.

4.2 Ukhuseleko lwangoku
Umsebenzi wokukhusela ngokugqithisileyo uyimfuneko ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo kwee-inverters zelanga. Xa i-output current ye-inverter idlula i-current yayo elinganisiweyo okanye umda wokhuseleko olubekiweyo, indlela yokukhusela i-overcurrent iya kuqalisa ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela umonakalo kumacandelo angaphakathi e-inverter kunye nokugqithiswa kwezixhobo zomthwalo. Ngokomzekelo, i-inverter yelanga enegunya elilinganisiweyo le-3kW inomlinganiselo ophumayo okhoyo we-13.6A (kwi-voltage ye-220V yokuphuma). Ukuba umthwalo uyanda ngokukhawuleza kwaye imveliso yangoku idlula eli xabiso, ukukhuselwa kwe-overcurrent kuya kunqumla isiphaluka ngexesha elifutshane. Ngexesha lokulungiswa kweempazamo, kuyimfuneko ukubeka ngokufanelekileyo umda wokukhusela ngokugqithisileyo ngokuhambelana namandla alinganisiweyo kunye nomthwalo wangempela we-inverter. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixabiso lokumisela ukukhuselwa kwe-overcurrent yi-120% ukuya kwi-150% ye-current rated current. Ngokubambisana kwee-sensor zangoku kunye neesekethe zokukhusela, i-inverter inokuphendula ngokukhawuleza xa ikhoyo ngoku iphakama ngokungaqhelekanga ukukhusela izixhobo emonakalweni. Ukongezelela, umsebenzi wokukhusela ukugqithisa kufuneka uvavanywe ngamaxesha amaninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwawo kunye nesantya sokuphendula phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwayo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga.

4.3 Ukhuseleko oluchasene neziqithi
Ukukhuselwa kwe-Anti-islanding ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo onokuthi ii-inverters zelanga ezixhunyiwe kwigridi kufuneka zibe nazo. Xa igridi ngokukhawuleza ilahlekelwa amandla ngenxa yesiphoso okanye ukugcinwa, i-inverter inokuqhubeka nokubonelela amandla kwigridi, yenze "isiqithi" esizimeleyo. Le nto yesiqithi ayibangeli ingozi kuphela ekusebenzeni kwakhona kwegridi, kodwa inokubangela ingozi yokhuseleko kubasebenzi kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi wokukhusela isiqithi unokubona ngokukhawuleza imeko yesiqithi emva kokuba igridi inikwe amandla kwaye inqumle uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-inverter kunye negridi ngexesha elifutshane. Ngokwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, ixesha lokuphendula lokukhusela isiqithi se-inverter kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana ye-2. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokulungiswa kweempazamo, kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya uvakalelo kunye nesantya sokuphendula somsebenzi wokukhusela i-inverter ye-anti-island ngokufanisa iimeko eziphosakeleyo ezifana nokuphuma kwamandla egridi. Ii-inverters eziphucukileyo zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumanisa, ezinje nge-voltage phase drift monitoring kunye ne-frequency deviation deviation, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiganeko sesiqithi sinokuchaneka kwaye sibonwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye amanyathelo okukhusela anokuthathwa phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zegridi. Ngokhuseleko olusebenzayo lwe-anti-island, ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga lunokuphuculwa, ukusebenza okuzinzile kwegridi kunye nokhuseleko lobuqu lwabasebenzi bokulondoloza kunokuqinisekiswa.

5. Iiparamitha zonxibelelwano kunye nokubeka iliso

5.1 Iprothokholi yonxibelelwano
Iprothokholi yonxibelelwano sisiseko sokusebenzisana kwedatha phakathi kwee-inverters zelanga kunye nezixhobo zangaphandle (ezifana neenkqubo zokubeka iliso, iinkqubo zolawulo lwegridi, njl.). Iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-Modbus, i-RS485, ibhasi ye-CAN, i-Ethernet protocol, njl. Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo kunye nezixhobo zinokufuna iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano ezahlukeneyo ukuphumeza ukuhanjiswa kwedatha okusebenzayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-protocol ye-Modbus isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimizi-mveliso ye-automation kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa amandla elanga ngenxa yokulula kwayo, ukusetyenziswa ngokulula kunye nokuhambelana okuqinileyo. Ixhasa iintlobo ngeentlobo zemidiya ebonakalayo, njenge-RS232, RS485, njl., kwaye inokuqonda ukufundwa kwedatha kunye nomyalelo wokulawula ukuthumela phakathi kwe-inverter kunye nesixhobo sokubeka iliso. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokulungiswa kweempazamo, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba iprotocol yonxibelelwano eyamkelwe yi-inverter iyahambelana nesixhobo sangaphandle kwaye uqwalasele ngokufanelekileyo imilinganiselo yeprotocol efana nesantya se-baud, i-data bit, i-stop bit, njl. Ukuthatha unxibelelwano lwe-RS485 njengomzekelo, izinga le-baud lidla ngokuseta kwi-9600 bps, i-bit data yi-8 bits, kwaye i-bit stop yi-bit. Ukuba iprotocol yonxibelelwano ayimiselwanga ngokufanelekileyo, inokubangela iimpazamo zothumelo lwedatha, ukuphazamiseka konxibelelwano kunye nezinye iingxaki, ezichaphazela imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yokubeka iliso kunye nokulawula inkqubo.

5.2 Izinga logqithiso lwedatha
Izinga lokudluliselwa kwedatha limisela isantya sokusebenzisana kwedatha phakathi kwe-inverter kunye nezixhobo zangaphandle, ezichaphazela ixesha langempela kunye nokuphendula kwenkqubo yokubeka iliso. Izinga eliphezulu lokudluliselwa kwedatha linokufumana idatha yokusebenza ye-inverter ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibone kwaye iphathe iingxaki ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa usebenzisa i-Ethernet protocol yonxibelelwano, izinga lokudluliselwa kwedatha lingafikelela kwi-100 Mbps okanye nangaphezulu, elinokudlulisa ngokukhawuleza inani elikhulu ledatha, njengamandla exesha langempela, i-voltage, yangoku, iqondo lokushisa kunye nezinye iiparameters ze-inverter, kunye neerekhodi zedatha yembali. Kwiinkqubo ezisebenzisa unxibelelwano lwe-RS485, izinga lokudluliselwa kwedatha ngokuqhelekileyo liphakathi kwe-9600 bps kunye ne-115200 bps. Ngexesha lokulungiswa kweempazamo, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo kwaye usete izinga lokuhanjiswa kwedatha ngokwendlela yonxibelelwano yonxibelelwano kunye neemfuno zenkqubo. Ukuba izinga lothumelo lwedatha liphantsi kakhulu, linokubangela ukulibaziseka kwedatha eboniswe yinkqubo yokubeka iliso kwaye isilele ukubonakalisa isimo sokwenyani sokusebenza kwe-inverter ngexesha; ngelixa isantya sogqithiso lwedatha siphezulu kakhulu sinokubeka iimfuno eziphezulu ekusebenzeni kwemigca yonxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo, ukwandisa iindleko zenkqubo kunye nobunzima. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha umlinganiselo wothumelo olufanelekileyo phantsi kwesiseko sokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokubeka iliso, kwaye uqinisekise ukuchaneka kunye nokuzinza kokuhanjiswa kwedatha ngovavanyo lwangempela.

5.3 Umsebenzi wokubeka iliso
Umsebenzi wokubeka iliso yinxalenye eyimfuneko yolungiso kunye nokusebenza kwe-inverter yelanga. Inokubeka iliso kwiiparamitha ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ze-inverter ngexesha langempela, ibone iimeko ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha, kunye ne-alarm kunye nokusingatha. Umsebenzi wokubeka iliso we-inverter ngokuqhelekileyo uquka ukubeka iliso ngexesha langempela leeparameters eziphambili ezifana nombane wegalelo, i-input current, i-voltage output, i-output frequency, i-output power, i-conversion ye-conversion, i-power factor, umxholo we-harmonic, njl. ukubeka iliso kutshintsho kwi-voltage yegalelo kunye nangoku ukugqiba ukuba imeko yokusebenza yepaneli yelanga iqhelekile. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokubeka iliso kufuneka ibe nomsebenzi wokurekhoda idatha, enokugcina idatha yokusebenza yembali ye-inverter ukuququzelela uhlalutyo olulandelayo kunye nokuxilongwa kwempazamo. Ngokomzekelo, bhala idatha yokuvelisa amandla e-inverter ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye namaxesha, kwaye uhlalutye ukusebenza kakuhle kwexesha elide kunye nokutshintsha kwendlela yokusebenza kwenkqubo. Ngexesha elifanayo, inkqubo yokubeka iliso kufuneka ibe nomsebenzi we-alamu. Xa iiparameters ezibekwe esweni zidlula uluhlu oluqhelekileyo olumiselweyo, lunokukhupha ngokukhawuleza i-alarm evakalayo kunye neyokubonayo okanye ukwazisa abasebenzi bokulondoloza nge-SMS, i-imeyile, njl. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungiswa kweempazamo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza uvavanyo olubanzi kuyo yonke imisebenzi yenkqubo yokubeka iliso ukuqinisekisa ukuba inokubeka iliso ngokuchanekileyo nangokuthembekileyo imeko yokusebenza ye-inverter kwaye iphendule kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukwenzela ukunika isiqinisekiso esiqinileyo sokusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuzinza kwenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga.

6. Iiparamitha zokuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo

6.1 Uluhlu lobushushu obusebenzayo
Uluhlu lobushushu lokusebenza lweinverter yelangayiparameter ebalulekileyo engenakuhoywa ngexesha lolungiso. Xa i-inverter isebenza kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo, ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokuthembeka kuya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubushushu obusebenzayo be-solar inverters buhlala buphakathi - 25 ℃ kunye + 60 ℃. Umzekelo, ezinye ii-inverters ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu zisenokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle koguqulo kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo kwemveliso ngaphakathi komgangatho wobushushu obuphakathi kwe-20℃ ukuya + 50℃. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokulungiswa kweempazamo, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-inverter inokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwinqanaba elilindelekileyo lokushisa ngokweemeko zokushisa zendawo yokufakelwa kwangempela. Ukuba ubushushu be-ambient bugqithisa ubushushu bokusebenza be-inverter, ukusebenza kwamacandelo angaphakathi e-inverter kunokuthotywa okanye konakaliswe. Ngokomzekelo, kwindawo yokushisa ephezulu, ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kwe-inverter kungancitshiswa, kwaye ubomi bezinto zangaphakathi ze-elektroniki buya kufinyezwa; kwindawo yokushisa ephantsi, amacandelo afana ne-electrolytic capacitors inokukhenkcela, echaphazela ukuqaliswa kunye nokusebenza kwe-inverter. Ke ngoko, kuyafuneka ukwenza uvavanyo lokuguquguquka kobushushu kwi-inverter ukuqinisekisa ukuba inokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zobushushu, kwaye ithathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuphelisa ubushushu okanye amanyathelo okufakelwa njengoko kufuneka.

6.2 Uluhlu lokuZiqhelanisa nokuHumidity
Uluhlu lwe-humidity adaptability nayo enye yeeparameters eziphambili ezifuna ukuhoywa ingqwalasela xa kulungiswa ii-inverters zelanga. Ubume obuphezulu bokufuma bunokubangela ukuxinana ngaphakathi kwi-inverter, enokubangela umbane omfutshane, ukuthotywa kokusebenza kwe-insulation kunye nezinye iingxaki, ezichaphazela ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwe-inverter. Uluhlu lwe-humidity adaptability ye-solar inverters ngokuqhelekileyo yi-10% ukuya kwi-90% ye-RH (umswakama ohambelanayo) ngaphandle kokunciphisa. Ngokomzekelo, kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni okanye kwiindawo ezinomswakama, umswakama unokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-80%, efuna ukuba i-inverter ibe nokuchasana kokufuma okuhle. Ngexesha lokulungiswa kweempazamo, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba ukusebenza kokutywinwa kunye nemilinganiselo yobungqina bomswakama we-inverter ikhona ngokuhambelana neemeko zomswakama wendawo yokufakelwa kwangempela. Ezinye ii-inverters zisebenzisa uyilo olukhethekileyo lokutywina kunye neengubo zobungqina bokufuma ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo umswakama ukuba ungangeni ngaphakathi. Ukongeza, i-inverter kufuneka ivavanywe ukuguquguquka kokufuma ukuqinisekisa ukuba isenokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwindawo yokufuma okuphezulu ngaphandle kokusilela kombane. Ngokomzekelo, ngokufanisa indawo yomswakama ophezulu, jonga ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kwe-inverter kuhambelana neemfuno kunye nokuba isiphaluka esifutshane senzeke.

6.3 Inqanaba lokhuseleko
Inqanaba lokukhusela liyisalathisi esibalulekileyo sokulinganisa amandla okukhusela kwi-inverter yelanga kwizinto zangaphandle zokusingqongileyo (ezifana nothuli, amanzi, into eqinile yangaphandle, njl.). Ngokwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, umgangatho wokukhusela udla ngokubonakaliswa ngeekhowudi ze-IP, ezifana ne-IP65, IP67, njl. IP67 ithetha ukuba i-inverter inokuthintela ngokupheleleyo uthuli ekungeneni kwaye inokuntywiliselwa emanzini ixesha elifutshane ngaphandle komonakalo. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokulungiswa kweempazamo, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha umgangatho ofanelekileyo wokukhusela ngokwemeko yokufaka kunye nemeko yesicelo se-inverter. Kwii-inverters ezifakwe ngaphandle, umgangatho wokukhusela ophezulu, njenge-IP65 okanye i-IP67, idla ngokufuneka ukukhusela uthuli, imvula, njl. Kwii-inverters ezifakwe ngaphakathi, inqanaba lokukhusela linokuba liphantsi, kodwa kusafuneka lihlangabezane neemfuno eziphambili zothuli kunye namanzi. Ukongezelela, umgangatho wokukhusela we-inverter kufuneka uqinisekiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokufanisa iindawo zothuli kunye neemvavanyo zejethi yamanzi, kuhlolwe ukuba ngaba ukhuseleko lwe-inverter ludibana nemigangatho echazwe kwikhowudi ye-IP.

7. Iiparamitha zokhuseleko kunye nesilumkiso

7.1 Ukumelana ne-insulation
Ukumelana ne-insulation yiparameter ebalulekileyo yokulinganisa ukusebenza kokhuseleko lombane kwii-inverters zelanga. Ibonisa iqondo lokugquma phakathi kwesekethe yangaphakathi ye-inverter kunye neendawo zokuqhuba zangaphandle, kwaye inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuvuza kunye neengozi zokutshatyalaliswa kombane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuchasana kwe-insulation ye-solar inverters kufuneka kufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngokomzekelo, ngokwemigangatho ye-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), ukuxhatshazwa kwe-inverter akufanele kube ngaphantsi kwe-1MΩ. Kwinkqubo yokumisela eyona nto, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa umhloli wokumelana nokuthintela ukuvavanya ukuvavanya i-inverter ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchasana kwayo kwe-insulation kuhlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko. Ukuba ukuchasana kwe-insulation kuphantsi kakhulu, kunokubangela ukuvuza kwangoku, okungayi kunciphisa kuphela ukusebenza kwe-inverter, kodwa kunokubangela ubungozi bokhuseleko kubaqhubi kunye nezixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, kwindawo enomswakama, ukusebenza kwezinto zokufakelwa kwe-insulation kungahla, kubangele ukuhla kwe-insulation resistance. Ngoko ke, ngexesha lokugunyaziswa, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiinguqu zokuchasana kwe-insulation, kwaye amanyathelo ahambelanayo kufuneka athathwe, njengokuqinisa unyango lwe-insulation okanye ukuphucula indawo yokufakela, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwe-inverter.

7.2 Ukuvuza kwangoku
Ukuvuza kwangoku kubhekiselele kumbane owenziweyo phakathi kwesekethe yangaphakathi ye-inverter kunye neendawo zokuqhuba zangaphandle ngenxa yokuthotywa kokusebenza kwe-insulation phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza. Ubukho bokuvuza kwangoku kunokubangela iingozi ezimandundu ezifana nomonakalo wesixhobo, umlilo, kunye nokubetheka kombane. Xa ulungisa i-inverter yelanga, ubungakanani bokuvuza kwangoku kufuneka kulawulwe ngokungqongqo. Ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo, ukuvuza kwangoku kufuneka kulawulwe kuluhlu olukhuselekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-inverter yelanga yendlu ngokubanzi, ukuvuza kwangoku akufanele kudlule i-3.5mA. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokulungiswa kweempazamo, i-inverter kufuneka ibekwe iliso ngexesha langempela ngokusebenzisa isixhobo sokufumanisa ukuvuza kwangoku ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuvuza kwayo kuhambelana nemigangatho yokhuseleko. Ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba ukuvuza kwangoku kudlula ixabiso elichaziweyo, ukuchithwa kufuneka kumiswe ngokukhawuleza, inkqubo yokukhusela i-inverter kufuneka ihlolwe, imbangela yokuvuza kufuneka ifunyanwe kwaye ilungiswe. Ukongeza, ukuhlolwa rhoqo komsinga ovuzayo kwakhona ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwexesha elide lenkqubo yokuvelisa umbane welanga, enokubona iimpazamo ezinokuthi zibekho ngexesha kwaye ziphephe iingozi.

7.3 Umqondiso wesilumkiso weMfezeko
Iimpawu zokulumkisa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni okukhuselekileyo kwee-inverters zelanga. Iimpawu zesilumkiso ezipheleleyo zinokukhumbuza abaqhubi kunye nabasebenzi bolondolozo ukuba banikele ingqalelo kwiindawo ezinobungozi zesixhobo, izilumkiso zokusebenza kunye neengozi ezinokwenzeka zokhuseleko, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe ngempumelelo iingozi. Xa uhlaziywa i-inverter yelanga, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ngokucophelela ukuba iimpawu zesilumkiso kwisixhobo ziphelile, zicacile kwaye zilula ukuzibona. Ngokomzekelo, inxalenye ephezulu ye-voltage ye-inverter kufuneka ibe nophawu olucacileyo "lwengozi yombane ophezulu" ukukhumbuza abantu ukuba bagcine umgama okhuselekileyo xa usebenza; kufuneka kubekho "isilumkiso kubushushu obuphezulu" uphawu kufutshane nezibuko lokuchitha ubushushu lezixhobo zokuthintela abantu ukuba bangadibanisi kwaye babangele ukutshisa. Ukongeza, kwezinye iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza, ezifana nemiyalelo yomsebenzi wokukhusela i-anti-islanding kunye neemfuno zokumisa, kufuneka kubekho iimpawu ezilumkisayo ezihambelanayo. Ukuba uphawu lwesilumkiso lufunyaniswa lungekho okanye lonakele, kufuneka longezwe okanye lutshintshwe kwangethuba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba zonke iimpawu zithobela imigaqo yokhuseleko kwaye zinike izilumkiso eziyimfuneko kunye nesikhokelo sokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwesixhobo.