Guhuriza hamwe no kugura inganda zikoresha izuba: Imiterere yisoko muri 2025

Kwishyira hamwe no kugura inganda zikoresha izuba: imiterere yisoko muri 2025

1. Incamake yinganda zikoresha izuba

1.1 Ibisobanuro byinganda ninshingano

Imirasire y'izubanibikoresho byibanze bya sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi. Igikorwa cabo nyamukuru nuguhindura ingufu za DC zituruka kumirasire yizuba mumashanyarazi ya AC kugirango ishobore guhuzwa numuyoboro wamashanyarazi cyangwa gukoreshwa nibikoresho byamashanyarazi murugo no mubucuruzi. Ntabwo itezimbere gusa imikorere nukuri kwizerwa ryamashanyarazi akomoka kumirasire y'izuba, ariko kandi ituma imiyoborere yubwenge nogutezimbere amashanyarazi. Kurugero, binyuze mumashanyarazi ntarengwa yo gukurikirana (MPPT) tekinoroji, imirasire y'izuba irashobora kwemeza ko imirasire y'izuba ihora ikora muburyo bwiza bwo gukora, bityo bikongerera ingufu ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Mubyongeyeho, inverter ifite kandi ibikorwa bitandukanye byo kurinda, nko kurinda imitwaro irenze urugero no kurinda imiyoboro ngufi, kugirango umutekano wa sisitemu yose ukore neza.

1.2 Amateka yiterambere nibihe byubu

Amateka yiterambere ryinganda zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba arashobora guhera mu myaka ya za 1980, kandi yagiye ikura buhoro buhoro hamwe n’izamuka ry’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Imirasire y'izuba hakiri kare yibanze cyane kubikorwa bya DC byoroheje bya AC, hamwe na tekinoroji isubira inyuma kandi ikora neza. Ariko, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga, imikorere yizuba ryizuba ryateye imbere cyane. Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’uko isi ikenera ingufu z’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, isoko y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba yatangije iterambere ryihuse, kandi n’inganda zikoresha izuba nazo zateye imbere. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, ingano y’isoko ry’izuba ku isi igera kuri miliyari 30 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2024, bikaba biteganijwe ko izagera kuri miliyari 35 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2025, aho izamuka ry’umwaka rirenga 16%. Kugeza ubu, ibigo byinshi bizwi byashinzwe mu nganda, harimo Huawei, Sungrow Power Supply, na Jinlong Technology, bifite umwanya ukomeye ku isoko ry’isi. Izi sosiyete zatangije amarushanwa akaze mu bijyanye no guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa n’umugabane ku isoko, byateje imbere iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga no kuzamura inganda mu nganda zose.

2. Iterambere ryiterambere ryisoko muri 2025
2.1 Iteganyagihe ryubunini bwisoko ryisi
Biteganijwe ko inganda zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zizakomeza kugira umuvuduko ukabije mu 2025.Nk'uko byagaragajwe n'ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA), ngo isoko ry’imirasire y'izuba ku isi rizagera kuri miliyari 35 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2025, ryiyongeraho miliyari 5 z'amadolari y'Amerika ugereranije na miliyari 30 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2024, aho izamuka ry’umwaka rirenga 16%. Iri terambere riterwa ahanini n’uko isi ikomeje kwitabwaho ndetse no gushyigikira politiki y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, ndetse no gukomeza gukura no kugabanya ibiciro by’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, ryagiye ryiyongera buhoro buhoro umubare w’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba mu miterere y’ingufu ku isi, bityo bigatuma ubwiyongere bukenerwa n’izuba riva ku zuba.
2.2 Ubwiyongere bw'amasoko akomeye yo mu karere
2.2.1 Aziya ya pasifika
Agace ka Aziya-Pasifika ni kamwe mu turere twiyongera cyane ku isoko ry’izuba. Mu 2025, biteganijwe ko isoko ry’imihindagurikire y’izuba mu karere ka Aziya-Pasifika rizagera kuri miliyari 15 z’amadolari y’Amerika, bingana na 43% by’isoko ry’isi. Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde nibyo bitera isoko ryizuba ryizuba mukarere ka Aziya-pasifika. Mu Bushinwa, guverinoma ishyigikiye cyane ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu ndetse no guteza imbere intego za "karuboni ebyiri" byatumye imishinga itanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ndetse no kwiyongera kw'ibikenerwa ku zuba. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, ingano y’isoko ry’imihindagurikire y’izuba mu Bushinwa izagera kuri miliyari 8 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2025, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 20%. Bitewe na guverinoma "National Solar Plan", isoko ry’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu Buhinde ryagutse ku buryo bwihuse, bikaba biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko ry’imihindagurikire y’izuba mu Buhinde izagera kuri miliyari 3 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2025, umwaka ushize ikiyongeraho 25%.
2.2.2 Uburayi
Isoko ryizuba ryizuba muburayi naryo ryerekana inzira igenda ikura. Mu 2025, isoko ry’izuba riva mu Burayi biteganijwe ko rizagera kuri miliyari 10 z'amadolari, bingana na 29% ku isoko ry’isi. Politiki y’ingufu z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’intego zo kugabanya karubone byatumye ibihugu byongera ishoramari mu kubyara amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba. Ibihugu nk'Ubudage, Espagne n'Ubutaliyani nibyo bikoresha isoko ry’izuba ry’iburayi. Hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere n’isoko rikuze, biteganijwe ko Ubudage buzagera kuri miliyari 4 z'amadolari ku isoko ry’izuba ry’izuba mu 2025, umwaka ushize wiyongera 15%. Hamwe n'inkunga ya leta n'inkunga ya politiki, isoko ry'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba muri Espagne no mu Butaliyani rikomeje kwiyongera. Biteganijwe ko isoko ry’izuba ry’izuba mu bihugu byombi rizagera kuri miliyari 2 na miliyari 1.5 z'amadolari mu mwaka wa 2025, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 18% na 20%.
2.2.3 Amerika
Isoko ry’izuba ry’izuba muri Amerika naryo rizabona iterambere rikomeye mu 2025. Mu 2025, isoko ry’izuba ry’izuba muri Amerika biteganijwe ko rizagera kuri miliyari 8 z'amadolari, bingana na 23% by’isoko ry’isi. Reta zunzubumwe zamerika n’umuguzi nyamukuru w’isoko ry’izuba ry’izuba muri Amerika, kandi biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko izagera kuri miliyari 5 z'amadolari, umwaka ushize ukiyongera 18%. Politiki ya guverinoma y’Amerika ishyigikira ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu ndetse n’umubare w’imishinga itanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba byatumye ubwiyongere bukenerwa n’izuba riva. Byongeye kandi, ibihugu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo nka Berezile na Mexico nabyo biteza imbere ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko ry’izuba mu bihugu byombi izagera kuri miliyari 1.5 na miliyari imwe y’amadolari mu 2025, umwaka ushize uzamuka 22% na 20%.

3. Guhuriza hamwe no gushishikarira kwishyira hamwe
3.1 Ubukungu bwikigereranyo nubufatanye
Kwishyira hamwe no kugura inganda zikoresha izuba birashobora kuzana ubukungu bukomeye bwikigereranyo hamwe. Urebye ikiguzi, binyuze mu guhuza no kugura, ibigo birashobora kugera ku kugabanya ibiciro byamasoko. Kurugero, mugihe isosiyete nini ihindura imirasire yizuba iguze isoko rito, ubwinshi bwamasoko bwayo burashobora gutuma ibona ibiciro byiza kumasoko y'ibikoresho fatizo. Dukurikije imibare, nyuma yo guhuriza hamwe ibigo, ikigereranyo cyo kugura ibikoresho fatizo gishobora kugabanukaho 10% - 15%. Byongeye kandi, mu guhuza umusaruro, igipimo cy’umusaruro w’umushinga uhuriweho cyaguwe, gishobora guhindura imikorere y’umusaruro no kuzamura umusaruro, bityo bikagabanya igiciro cy’umusaruro wa buri gicuruzwa. Dufashe urugero runini rwo guhuriza hamwe no kugura mu nganda nkurugero, uruganda rwahujwe rwazamuye umusaruro wacyo ku gipimo cya 20% kandi rugabanya ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa byacyo 12%.
Kubijyanye no gukorana, guhuza no kugura hagati yinganda zirashobora kugera kubufatanye mumirongo myinshi nka R&D, kugurisha na serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha. Mumuhuza wa R&D, amatsinda ya R&D nibikoresho bya tekiniki yinganda zitandukanye birashobora guhuzwa kugirango byihutishe iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rishya nibicuruzwa bishya. Kurugero, isosiyete ikora neza mubyuma R&D ihuza hamwe nisosiyete ifite ibyiza muri algorithms ya software kugirango iteze imbere ibicuruzwa biva mu zuba bifite imikorere ihanitse kandi ikora neza ubwenge. Mu guhuza serivisi na nyuma yo kugurisha, imishinga ihuriweho irashobora kugabana inzira zo kugurisha hamwe numutungo wabakiriya, kwagura isoko no kunoza abakiriya. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, isoko ry’imishinga nyuma yo kwibumbira hamwe no kugura ryiyongereye ku kigereranyo cya 30%, kandi kunyurwa kwabakiriya byiyongereyeho 15%.
3.2 Kwuzuzanya kw'ikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere udushya
Ubwuzuzanye bw'ikoranabuhanga ni imwe mu mpamvu zingenzi zo guhuza no kugura mu nganda zikoresha izuba. Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji y’izuba ihora itera imbere, irimo ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki, ikoranabuhanga rigenzura, ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n’izindi nzego. Ibigo bitandukanye bifite ibyiza byabyo murwego rwa tekiniki, kandi binyuze mu guhuza no kugura, birashobora kugera kubwuzuzanye bwa tekiniki. Kurugero, ibigo bimwe bifite tekinoroji nuburambe mugukora no guhuza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yingufu, mugihe ibindi bifite ibyiza byinshi muburyo bwo kugenzura ubwenge bwikoranabuhanga hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho. Binyuze mu guhuza no kugura, ibigo birashobora guhuza ibyiza bya tekiniki kugirango bitezimbere ibicuruzwa bikora neza kandi byubwenge.
Guteza imbere udushya nabyo ni ikintu cyingenzi mu guhuza no kugura. Kwishyira hamwe no kugura birashobora kuzana ibikoresho bishya byo guhanga udushya hamwe nibitekerezo bishya mubigo. Kurugero, isosiyete gakondo ikoresha imirasire yizuba irashobora kubona isosiyete itangiza ikoranabuhanga igenda itangira kubona ubushobozi bwayo bushya hamwe nitsinda R&D mubuhanga bugezweho nkubwenge bwubuhanga hamwe namakuru makuru. Ubu bwoko bwa tekinike yuzuzanya hamwe no guhuza ibikoresho bishya birashobora kwihutisha ibicuruzwa byikigo no kuzamura ikoranabuhanga. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu masosiyete nyuma yo kwibumbira hamwe no kuyigura, impuzandengo y’iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa bishya yagabanutseho 25%, naho igipimo cy’ishoramari mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ryinjira mu bicuruzwa cyiyongereyeho amanota 5 ku ijana ugereranyije, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko guhuza no kugura bifite uruhare runini mu guteza imbere udushya mu masosiyete.
3.3 Kwagura isoko no kongera imigabane ku isoko
Kwagura isoko ni imwe mu ntego nyamukuru z’amasosiyete akoresha izuba mu guhuza no kugura. Binyuze mu guhuza no kugura, amasosiyete arashobora kwinjira mumasoko mashya cyangwa ibice byisoko. Kurugero, isosiyete ifite akarusho kumasoko yimbere mu gihugu irashobora kwinjira byihuse kumasoko mpuzamahanga no kwagura umugabane w isoko ryisi yose mugura isosiyete irushanwa cyane kumasoko mpuzamahanga. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu myaka mike ishize, ibigo birenga 60% byageze ku kwagura isoko binyuze mu guhuza no kugura inganda, kandi bimwe muri byo byagutse neza kuva ku masoko yo mu karere kugera ku masoko y’igihugu ndetse no ku masoko mpuzamahanga.
Kongera imigabane ku isoko nabyo ni ibisubizo byingenzi byo guhuza no kugura. Mu isoko rikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, amasosiyete arashobora guhuza umutungo w’isoko no kuzamura isoko ryabo binyuze mu guhuza no kugura. Kurugero, mugihe ibigo bibiri bifite imigabane isa nisoko bihujwe, umugabane wabo wamasoko urashobora gukuba kabiri, bityo ugafata umwanya mwiza mumikino hamwe nabanywanyi. Binyuze mu guhuza no kugura, ibigo birashobora kandi guhuza inzira zo kugurisha hamwe numutungo wabakiriya kugirango bongere isoko ryinjira. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, umugabane w’isoko ry’amasosiyete nyuma yo kwibumbira hamwe no kugura wiyongereye ku kigereranyo cya 15% -20%, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko kwibumbira hamwe no kugura ari uburyo bwiza bw’ibigo byongera imigabane y’isoko.

4. Isesengura ryimanza zikomeye M&A
4.1 Imishinga yo murugo M&A imanza
Mu myaka yashize, inganda zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu gihugu zabonye ibibazo byinshi bya M&A, byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere y'inganda.
Sungrow Power Supply yaguze isosiyete ntoya ya inverter: Nka sosiyete iyoboye inganda zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu gihugu, Sungrow Power Supply yaguze isosiyete ntoya ihindura inverter mu 2023.Intego nyamukuru yo kugura kwari ukongera uruhare rwayo ku isoko ry’amashanyarazi yatanzwe. Binyuze mu kwishyira hamwe, Sungrow Power Supply ntabwo yaguze gusa ikoranabuhanga numutungo wabakiriya ba societe nto mubijyanye no gukwirakwiza amafoto yerekana amashanyarazi, ahubwo yanatezimbere umurongo wibicuruzwa. Nyuma yo kugura, umugabane wa Sungrow Power Supply wagabanijwe ku isoko ryagabanijwe rya fotovoltaque wiyongereye uva kuri 30% ugera kuri 40%, kandi kugurisha ibicuruzwa byagabanijwe bifotora byiyongereyeho 35% mu mwaka ukurikira.
Ikoranabuhanga rya Ginlong ryahujwe no gutangiza ikoranabuhanga: Ikoranabuhanga rya Ginlong ryahujwe no gutangiza ikoranabuhanga ryibanda kuri algorithm yo kugenzura ubwenge mu 2024. Nyuma yo kwishyira hamwe, Ikoranabuhanga rya Ginlong ryinjije tekinoroji ya algorithm yo gutangiza ibicuruzwa byayo maze itangiza igisekuru gishya cyibicuruzwa byubwenge buke. Ibicuruzwa bishya byamenyekanye cyane ku isoko, umugabane w’isoko wiyongereye uva kuri 20% ugera kuri 28% naho inyungu y’ibicuruzwa byiyongereyeho amanota 8 ku ijana, byerekana ko guhuza ikoranabuhanga byazanye inyungu zikomeye mu bukungu.
4.2 Imanza mpuzamahanga zo guhuriza hamwe no kugura ibintu
Isoko mpuzamahanga ry’izuba rikoresha imirasire y’izuba naryo ryahuye n’ibintu byinshi byingenzi byo guhuza no kugura ibintu, bitahinduye gusa imiterere y’irushanwa ry’inganda, ahubwo byanateje imbere iterambere ry’inganda ku isi.
Isosiyete yo mu Budage SMA Yabonye Isosiyete Inverter muri Amerika: Isosiyete yo mu Budage SMA ni uruganda rukora imirasire y'izuba izwi cyane ku isi. Mu 2022, yaguze isosiyete y'Abanyamerika ifite tekinoroji ya inverter. Kugura byafashaga SMA kubona patenti yisosiyete muri topologiya nshya ya inverter hamwe na tekinoroji yo guhindura imikorere, bikarushaho kuzamura ubushobozi bwa tekinike mubicuruzwa byayo. Nyuma yo kugura, umugabane wa SMA ku isoko ry’Amerika wiyongereye uva kuri 15% ugera kuri 25%, naho umugabane w’isoko ku isi nawo uva kuri 10% ugera kuri 12%. Byongeye kandi, SMA yakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rishya ryabonye kugirango iteze imbere igisekuru gishya cyibicuruzwa bikora neza cyane, hamwe no guhindura ibicuruzwa byiyongereyeho 5% naho kugurisha ku isoko ryisi byiyongereyeho 20%.
Amashanyarazi ya Mitsubishi yo mu Buyapani yaguze isoko ry’ibicuruzwa by’iburayi: Mitsubishi Electric yaguze isoko ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi ryibanda ku isoko ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu 2023. Nyuma yo kugura, umugabane wa Mitsubishi Electric ku isoko ry’imigabane yo mu Burayi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru wiyongereye uva kuri 5% ugera kuri 15%, kandi kugurisha ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byiyongereyeho 40% mu mwaka ukurikira. Byongeye kandi, amashanyarazi ya Mitsubishi yarushijeho kunoza imiterere y’isoko ry’isi kandi yongerera ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku isoko ry’isi yose ahuza ikoranabuhanga n’igurisha ry’abatanga ibicuruzwa by’i Burayi.

5. Impinduka mumiterere yisoko nyuma yo kwishyira hamwe
5.1 Kongera kwibanda ku isoko
Nyuma yuruhererekane rwo guhuza hamwe no kugura no kwishyira hamwe, kwibanda ku isoko ryinganda zikoresha izuba ryiyongereye cyane. Urebye ku isi yose, kwibumbira hamwe no kugura mu nganda byatumye umugabane w’isoko ry’amasosiyete akomeye akomeza kwaguka. Kurugero, nyuma yuko Sungrow iguze isosiyete ntoya ya inverter mu 2023, umugabane wayo mwisoko ryagabanijwe rya fotovoltaque wiyongereye uva kuri 30% ugera kuri 40%; nyuma yuko SMA yo mu Budage iguze isosiyete ikora inverter muri Amerika, umugabane wayo ku isoko ry’Amerika wiyongereye uva kuri 15% ugera kuri 25%, naho umugabane w’isoko ku isi nawo uva kuri 10% ugera kuri 12%. Izi manza za M&A zerekana ko binyuze mubufatanye, ibigo bishobora kwagura byihuse imigabane yabyo no kuzamura igenzura ryisoko.
Urebye ibipimo ngenderwaho by’isoko, CR4 (igiteranyo cy’umugabane w’isoko ry’amasosiyete ane ya mbere) y’isoko ry’izuba ry’izuba ku isi biteganijwe ko izagera kuri 60% mu 2025, izamuka rikomeye riva kuri 50% mu 2024. Ibi byerekana ko umutungo w’isoko ugenda wibanda ku masosiyete akomeye, kandi inganda zikomeza kwiyongera. Ubwiyongere bwibanda kumasoko bufasha ibigo kugabanya ibiciro byamarushanwa kumasoko, kunoza ingufu zimpaka, no kurushaho gushimangira umwanya wabyo kumasoko.
5.2 Kuvugurura ahantu nyaburanga
5.2.1 Impinduka mubigo byapiganwa
Kwishyira hamwe no kugura byahinduye imiterere yo guhatanira inganda zikoresha izuba. Ku ruhande rumwe, bimwe mubigo bito byinjijwe mumatsinda manini yimishinga binyuze mu guhuza no kugura, kandi byatakaje umwanya wigenga wo guhatanira isoko ryigenga; kurundi ruhande, ibigo binini byageze ku buryo bwiza bwo guhuza umutungo binyuze mu guhuza no kugura, kuzamura ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana, no kuba abanywanyi bakomeye ku isoko. Kurugero, nyuma yikoranabuhanga rya Jinlong rihujwe no gutangiza ikoranabuhanga, umugabane waryo ku isoko wiyongereye uva kuri 20% ugera kuri 28%, naho inyungu y’ibicuruzwa byiyongereyeho amanota 8 ku ijana, ihinduka imwe mu masosiyete arushanwe mu nganda hamwe n’inyungu za tekinike hamwe n’isoko ry’isoko.
5.2.2 Kongera kubaka inyungu zo guhatanira
Kwishyira hamwe no kugura byatumye hubakwa ibyiza byo guhatanira imishinga. Ku bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga, ibigo birashobora guteza imbere ibicuruzwa birushanwe binyuze mu kuzuzanya kw'ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya. Kurugero, nyuma yuko isosiyete yo mubudage SMA iguze isosiyete ikora inverter muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika, yakoresheje patenti yayo muri topologiya nshya ya inverter hamwe nubuhanga buhanitse bwo guhindura imikorere kugirango iteze imbere igisekuru gishya cyibicuruzwa bikora neza cyane, hiyongereyeho 5% muburyo bwo guhindura ibicuruzwa no kongera 20% kugurisha ku isoko ryisi. Ku bijyanye n’ibiciro, isosiyete yagabanije ikiguzi cyo kugura ibikoresho fatizo n’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa byakozwe binyuze mu bukungu bw’ingaruka n’ingaruka, kandi bizamura igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa byacyo. Ku bijyanye n’isoko, isosiyete yaguye isoko ryayo kandi yongerera isoko isoko ihuza inzira zo kugurisha n’umutungo w’abakiriya. Kongera kubaka izo nyungu zo guhatanira bituma ibigo byunguka cyane mumarushanwa yisoko kandi bigashobora guhangana nimpinduka zamasoko nibibazo bituruka kubanywanyi.
5.2.3 Guhindura ingamba zo guhangana
Mugihe imiterere yisoko ihinduka, ingamba zo guhatanira inganda ziva mumirasire y'izuba nazo zahinduwe uko bikwiye. Ku ruhande rumwe, ibigo byita cyane ku guhanga udushya no gutandukanya ibicuruzwa, kandi bigahuza ibyo abakiriya bakeneye mu guhora batangiza ibicuruzwa bifite imikorere ihanitse, imikorere yo kugenzura neza no guhindura imikorere neza. Guhuza ibyo abakiriya batandukanye bakeneye no kuzamura isoko ryabo ku isoko. Kurugero, ibigo bimwe byongera ishoramari muri R&D, bigafatanya na kaminuza nibigo byubushakashatsi, kandi bigakora ubushakashatsi bugezweho bwikoranabuhanga kugirango bikomeze ubuyobozi bwikoranabuhanga. Ku rundi ruhande, ibigo byita cyane ku bice by’isoko no gucunga imikoranire y’abakiriya, kandi bigashyiraho ingamba zigamije isoko kugira ngo abakiriya bishimire ubudahemuka no kumva neza ibyifuzo by’ibice bitandukanye by’isoko. Kurugero, ibigo bimwe byashyize ahagaragara ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kumasoko yatanzwe yamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi hamwe nisoko ryamashanyarazi akomatanyirijwe hamwe, kandi itanga serivise yihariye nyuma yo kugurisha kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo byabakiriya batandukanye.

6. Amarushanwa yibigo bikomeye muri 2025
6.1 Ibyiza byamasosiyete akomeye yo murugo
Nyuma yimyaka yiterambere, ibigo byinshi byambere bifite irushanwa rikomeye byagaragaye mubikorwa byinganda zikomoka kumirasire y'izuba mu gihugu, byagaragaje inyungu zikomeye zo guhatana mumwaka wa 2025.
Imbaraga zikomeye za tekiniki: Dufashe urugero rwa Sungrow, isosiyete ifite tekinoroji zirenga 500 zemewe mubijyanye na fotora ya fotora. Inverters yubwenge ya Photovoltaque yateje imbere ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya power point ikurikirana (MPPT) hamwe na algorithms yo kugenzura ubwenge, ishobora kugera kumikorere irenga 99%, iri kurwego rwambere mu nganda. Ikoranabuhanga rya Jinlong ntirigomba gukererwa. Nyuma yo guhuza hamwe no gutangiza ikoranabuhanga, ryinjije ubwenge bwa inverter igenzura algorithm kandi ritangiza igisekuru gishya cyibicuruzwa byubwenge byamenyekanye cyane ku isoko. Ibicuruzwa byayo byitwaye neza mubijyanye no guhindura imikorere no gutuza, kandi ibicuruzwa byinjiza inyungu byiyongereyeho amanota 8 ku ijana, umugabane w’isoko wiyongereye uva kuri 20% ugera kuri 28%.
Ubuyobozi bwo kugabana isoko: Ibigo byimbere mu gihugu bifite umugabane munini wisoko ryaho kandi byiyongera cyane mumasoko mpuzamahanga. Sungrow ifite isoko rirenga 40% ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu hagati, kandi ibicuruzwa byayo byoherejwe mu bihugu n'uturere birenga 100 ku isi. Biteganijwe ko umugabane w’isoko ku isi uzagera kuri 15% mu 2025. Umugabane w’isoko mu Bushinwa urenga 35%, kandi wageze no ku isoko rikomeye mu Burayi, Aziya-Pasifika no mu tundi turere. Biteganijwe ko umugabane w’isoko ku isi uzagera kuri 18% muri 2025.
Inyungu yo kugenzura ibiciro: Ibigo byimbere mu gihugu bifite inyungu zamafaranga mubikorwa byo guhuza no gukora, kandi birashobora kugera ku musaruro munini no kugenzura ibiciro. Mugutezimbere imicungire yimikorere nuburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, igiciro cyibicuruzwa byibicuruzwa byamasosiyete akomeye yo murugo biri munsi ya 10% - 15% ugereranije nabanywanyi mpuzamahanga. Kurugero, Sungrow yarushijeho kunoza uburyo bwo kuyibyaza umusaruro no gutanga amasoko binyuze mu guhuza no kugura, kandi igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa byacyo byagabanutseho 12%, ibyo bigatuma ibicuruzwa byayo birushanwe ku isoko kandi birashobora guha abakiriya ibisubizo byinshi bihendutse.
6.2 Imiterere y'ibihangange mpuzamahanga
Ibihangange mpuzamahanga bitanga imirasire y'izuba nabyo birashyira ahagaragara isoko mu 2025, bigashimangira umwanya w’isoko binyuze mu guhanga ikoranabuhanga, kwagura isoko no gushyiraho ingamba.
Ubuyobozi bushya bwo guhanga udushya: Nkumushinga wamamaye wizuba uzwi cyane kwisi, isosiyete ya SMA yo mubudage yiyemeje guhanga udushya. Mu 2025, SMA yatangije igisekuru gishya cyibicuruzwa bikora neza cyane, byafashe imiterere mishya ya inverter topologiya hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rihindura imikorere yabonetse nyuma yo kubona isosiyete ikora inverter muri Amerika. Guhindura ibicuruzwa byiyongereyeho 5%, naho kugurisha ku isoko ryisi byiyongereyeho 20%. Byongeye kandi, SMA irimo guteza imbere tekinoroji ya enterineti ikorana buhanga hamwe nububiko bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kugirango ihuze isoko ryigihe kizaza cyo gucunga ingufu no kubika ingufu.
Kwagura isoko nubufatanye: Ibihangange mpuzamahanga byagura imigabane yisoko binyuze mu kwagura isoko nubufatanye. Nyuma yo kubona ibicuruzwa bitanga ibicuruzwa biva mu Burayi, amashanyarazi yo mu Buyapani Mitsubishi Electric yahise yinjira ku isoko ryo mu Burayi bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi yuzuza icyuho cyayo muri iki gice cy’isoko. Umugabane wacyo ku isoko ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi byo mu rwego rwo hejuru wiyongereye uva kuri 5% ugera kuri 15%, naho kugurisha ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byiyongereyeho 40% mu mwaka ukurikira. Byongeye kandi, amashanyarazi ya Mitsubishi yashyizeho umubano w’ubufatanye n’amasosiyete menshi y’ingufu n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi ku isi kugira ngo bafatanyirize hamwe imishinga itanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwo guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, bikomeza gushimangira umwanya waryo ku isoko ry’isi.
Imiterere yuburyo bunoze no kunoza serivisi: Ibihangange mpuzamahanga byibanda kumiterere yuburyo bunoze no kunoza serivisi kugirango tunezeze abakiriya no kugabana ku isoko. Isosiyete izwi cyane ya inverter muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika yazamuye umuvuduko wabakiriya nubwiza bwa serivise mugutezimbere ibicuruzwa byayo na serivise byisi. Mu 2025, abakiriya ba sosiyete banyuzwe ku isoko ry’Amerika bageze kuri 90%, kandi umugabane w’isoko ku isi nawo wiyongereye uva kuri 12% ugera kuri 14%. Byongeye kandi, isosiyete yatangije kandi serivisi yihariye kugirango itange ibisubizo byihariye bya inverter ukurikije ibyo abakiriya batandukanye bakeneye, bikarushaho kuzamura isoko ryabyo.

7. Ibibazo byahuye nabyo muguhuza no kugura
7.1 Ikibazo cyo guhuza umuco nubuyobozi
Muri gahunda yo guhuza no kugura mu nganda zikoresha izuba, ikibazo cyo guhuza umuco n’imicungire ni imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye ibigo byugarije.
Itandukaniro ryumuco: Ibigo bitandukanye akenshi bifite imico itandukanye. Kurugero, ibigo bimwe byibanda ku guhanga udushya no guhinduka, mugihe ibindi byibanda kumutekano no kugenderwaho. Iyo ibigo bikora guhuza no kugura, itandukaniro ryumuco rishobora gukurura amakimbirane yibitekerezo hagati yabakozi. Fata kugura uruganda ruto rwa inverter na Sungrow nkurugero. Nka sosiyete nini, umuco wibigo bya Sungrow ukunda kuba muburyo busanzwe kandi bushingiye kubikorwa, mugihe isosiyete ntoya yaguze yibanda cyane kubintu bishya no guhinduka. Mubyiciro byambere byo kwishyira hamwe, abakozi kumpande zombi bagaragaje kutabangikanya muburyo bwakazi no gufata ibyemezo, bigatuma imikorere ikorwa neza kandi bigira ingaruka kumishinga.
Uburyo bwo gucunga amakimbirane: Itandukaniro muburyo bwo kuyobora nacyo nikibazo gikomeye muguhuza no kugura. Ibigo binini mubisanzwe bifite sisitemu yuzuye yubuyobozi hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga neza, mugihe ibigo bito bishobora gushingira cyane kuburambe bwihariye hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo kuyobora. Ku bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga rya Jinlong hamwe no gutangiza ikoranabuhanga, sisitemu yo gucunga ikoranabuhanga rya Jinlong irakuze kandi yibanda ku nzira n’ibipimo, mu gihe abatangiye bashimangira gufata ibyemezo byihuse no guhanga udushya. Nyuma yo kwibumbira hamwe, amakimbirane mu buryo bwo gucunga hagati y’impande zombi yatumye itumanaho ridahinduka imbere, rigabanya imikorere ifata ibyemezo, ndetse n’abakozi bamwe barwanywa, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe y’ikigo.
Ingaruka zo guhinduranya abakozi: Ingorane zo guhuza umuco nubuyobozi zishobora no gutuma abakozi bahinduka. Kutamenyekanisha abakozi bafite umuco wibigo no kudashobora guhuza nuburyo bushya bwo kuyobora byatumye abakozi bamwe bahitamo kuva mubigo. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bya M&A mu nganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, ikigereranyo cyo kugurisha abakozi mu isosiyete ihuriweho na 15% - 20%. Kurugero, nyuma y’uko isosiyete yo mu Budage SMA iguze isosiyete ikora inverter muri Amerika, kubera itandukaniro ry’umuco n’amakimbirane y’ubuyobozi, bamwe mu bakozi b’abanyamerika bumvise batishimiye imikorere mishya y’imikorere n’imicungire maze amaherezo bahitamo kwegura. Igihombo kinini cyabakozi ntikigira ingaruka gusa kumikorere isanzwe yikigo, ariko kandi gishobora no gutakaza impano yubuhanga kandi bigabanya imbaraga za tekinike yikigo.
7.2
Kwishyira hamwe kw'ikoranabuhanga ni ihuriro ry'ingenzi mu guhuza no guhuza inganda zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba, ariko kandi ihura n'ingaruka nyinshi.
Ibibazo byo guhuza ikoranabuhanga: Ubwubatsi bwa tekiniki na R&D sisitemu yamasosiyete atandukanye arashobora gutandukana, bizana ingorane muguhuza ikoranabuhanga. Kurugero, ibigo bimwe bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, mugihe andi afite uburyo butandukanye bwo gushyira mubikorwa uburyo bwo kugenzura ubwenge. Mubikorwa byukuri byo kwishyira hamwe, itandukaniro rya tekiniki rishobora kuganisha kubibazo bya tekinike. Fata guhuza hamwe no kugura mubikorwa nkurugero. Isosiyete yaguze yakoresheje topologiya ya inverter gakondo, mugihe isosiyete yaguze yakoresheje topologiya nshya. Mugihe cyo kwishyira hamwe, amatsinda ya tekinike yimpande zombi yakoresheje igihe n'imbaraga nyinshi kugirango akemure ikibazo cyo guhuza tekinike, cyatinze iterambere ryibicuruzwa bishya amezi 3-6.
Inzitizi yo guhererekanya ikoranabuhanga no gukumira: Guhuza ikoranabuhanga ntibisaba gusa ihererekanyabubasha ry’ikoranabuhanga ryaguzwe mu isosiyete igura, ahubwo bisaba n'ubushobozi bw'isosiyete igura uburyo bwo gukoresha neza no gukoresha ubwo buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Ariko, mubikorwa nyabyo, hakunze kubaho inzitizi zo guhererekanya ikoranabuhanga no kwinjiza. Ku ruhande rumwe, abakozi ba tekinike b'isosiyete baguze ntibashobora gusobanura neza ibya tekiniki bihagije, cyangwa inyandiko za tekiniki ntabwo zuzuye, bigatuma bigora isosiyete igura kumva neza no kumenya ikoranabuhanga. Kurundi ruhande, itsinda R&D ryisosiyete igura rishobora kubura ubumenyi bwa tekinike nuburambe kandi ntibishobora kwinjiza neza no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya. Kurugero, nyuma yikoranabuhanga rya Jinlong rihujwe no gutangiza ikoranabuhanga, mugihe ryinjije algorithm yo kugenzura ubwenge bwo gutangiza ibicuruzwa bya Jinlong Technology, kubera ihererekanyabubasha ry’ikoranabuhanga no kuyikoresha, uburyo bushya bwo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bwongerewe kandi imikorere y’ibicuruzwa ntiyujuje intego ziteganijwe.
Impanuka zumutungo wubwenge ibyago: Muburyo bwo guhuza no kugura, ibibazo byumutungo wubwenge nibibazo bidashobora kwirengagizwa. Ibigo bigomba kumenya neza ko nta mpaka zishingiye ku mutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ishyaka ryabonye, ​​bitabaye ibyo birashobora kuzana ingaruka z’amategeko n’igihombo cy’ubukungu ku kigo. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu bihe bimwe byo guhuza no kugura inganda zikoresha izuba, hafi 10% -15% by’ibigo byahuye n’amakimbirane y’umutungo bwite mu gihe cyo kwishyira hamwe. Kurugero, nyuma y’uko amashanyarazi yo mu Buyapani ya Mitsubishi Electric yaguze isoko ry’ibicuruzwa by’ibihugu by’i Burayi, byagaragaye ko bimwe mu bikoresho bya tekiniki by’abatanga ibicuruzwa bitavugwaho rumwe, bigatuma amashanyarazi ya Mitsubishi ahura n’imanza mu isoko ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi, ariko ntibyagize ingaruka ku kumenyekanisha kw'isosiyete nshya ndetse no kugabanuka kw'imigabane ku isoko.