Igeragezwa ryo guhuza imirasire y'izuba: guhuza na moderi zitandukanye zifotora

Ikigereranyo cyo guhuza imirasire y'izuba: guhuza na moderi zitandukanye zifotora

1. Incamake yikigereranyo cyo guhuza imirasire yizuba hamwe na moderi yifoto

1.1 Intego n'akamaro k'ikizamini
Ikizamini cyo guhuzaizubana Photovoltaque modules ningirakamaro kugirango habeho imikorere ihamye no kubyara ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryisoko ryingufu zizuba, ibirango bitandukanye hamwe na moderi ya moderi ya fotovoltaque na inverters byagaragaye kumasoko, kandi ibibazo byubwuzuzanye hagati yabo byagaragaye cyane. Nk’uko imibare ifatika ibigaragaza, hafi 30% y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba biterwa no kudahuza hagati y’amafoto y’amashanyarazi na inverter. Kubwibyo, igeragezwa ryubwuzuzanye rishobora kugabanya neza igipimo cyo kunanirwa kwa sisitemu, kunoza imikorere y’amashanyarazi, kongera igihe cya serivisi ya sisitemu, no gutanga ingwate ku mikorere yizewe y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Byongeye kandi, ibizamini byuzuzanya birashobora kandi gutanga ibisobanuro kubakoresha kugirango bahitemo modul na fotora ikwiye, kandi bitezimbere iterambere ryiza ryinganda zikomoka ku zuba.
1.2 Ibipimo n'ibizamini
Kugeza ubu, uruhererekane rw'ibipimo ngenderwaho n'ibisobanuro byo guhuza ibipimo by'izuba hamwe na moderi ya Photovoltaque byateguwe haba ku rwego mpuzamahanga ndetse no mu gihugu imbere. Igipimo cya IEC 62109 cya komisiyo mpuzamahanga ishinzwe amashanyarazi (IEC) kigaragaza ibisabwa by’umutekano kuri moderi y’amafoto na inverter, bikubiyemo ibikubiyemo bijyanye no gupima ubwuzuzanye. Igipimo gisaba ko modul ya fotovoltaque na inverters bigomba guhuza mubijyanye nibipimo byamashanyarazi, guhuza imashini, guhuza ibidukikije, nibindi kugirango umutekano ukore neza. Mu Bushinwa, ibipimo nka GB / T 37408-2019 "Ibisabwa bya tekiniki kuri Inverters ya Photovoltaic Grid ihujwe na Inverters" na GB / T 39510-2020 "Ibisabwa bya tekiniki kuri Moderi ya Photovoltaque" nabyo byashyizeho ibisabwa bisobanutse kugirango bipimishe. Ibipimo ngenderwaho nibisobanuro bitanga uburyo bumwe bwikizamini hamwe nibipimo byerekana isuzumabumenyi rihuza imirasire y'izuba hamwe na moderi ifotora, byerekana neza ibisubizo by'ibizamini. Kurugero, kubijyanye nibipimo byamashanyarazi bihuye, ibisanzwe bisaba ko ingufu ntarengwa zingufu za voltage ya moderi ya fotovoltaque modul igomba guhuza kwinjiza voltage yumurongo wa inverter, kandi gutandukana kwayo ntigomba kurenga 5% kugirango urebe ko inverter ishobora gukora mubisanzwe kandi ikagera kumashanyarazi ntarengwa.

2. Ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bihuye nikizamini
2.1 Ikizamini gihuye na voltage
Guhuza ingufu za voltage nurufunguzo rwibanze muguhuza ibizamini byizuba ryizuba hamwe na moderi ya Photovoltaque. Ukurikije ibipimo bya GB / T 37408-2019, urugero ntarengwa rwumubyigano wamashanyarazi ya moderi ya fotovoltaque igomba guhuza kwinjiza voltage yumurongo wa inverter, kandi gutandukana kwayo ntigomba kurenga 5%. Mu kizamini nyirizina, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryakoze ibizamini bihuza voltage ku bicuruzwa 10 bitandukanye hamwe na moderi ya moderi ya fotovoltaque na inverter 5 nyamukuru zikunze kugaragara ku isoko. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekanaga ko 30% yo guhuza byari bifite voltage itandukanije urwego rusanzwe. Kurugero, ingufu ntarengwa za voltage yumurongo runaka wa moderi ya fotovoltaque ni 35V, mugihe iyinjizwa rya voltage yumurongo wa inverter yageragejwe hamwe na 30V-33V, naho gutandukana kwa voltage bigera kuri 18.18%, ibyo bikaba birenze kure ibisabwa bisanzwe, bigatuma inverter idashobora gukora neza kandi idashobora kugera kumashanyarazi ntarengwa, 20%. Iyo guhuza voltage bihuye neza, nka voltage itandukana yandi maseti ya moderi ya fotovoltaque na inverter ni 2% gusa, inverter irashobora gukora neza kandi ingufu zamashanyarazi zikagera kumurongo mwiza, ibyo bikaba byerekana neza akamaro ko gupima voltage kugirango habeho imikorere myiza ya sisitemu yo kubyara izuba.
2.2 Ikizamini gihuye nubu
Guhuza ubungubu nabyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya sisitemu yo kubyara izuba. Ukurikije ibipimo bifatika, itsinda ryikizamini ryakoze ibizamini birambuye kubijyanye no guhuza ibice bitandukanye bifotora na inverter. Muri 20 zahujwe zageragejwe, 25% byahujwe wasangaga zifite ibibazo bidahuye nubu. By'umwihariko, ibyasohotse muri moderi zimwe na zimwe zifotora kuri moderi ntarengwa irenze igipimo cyagenwe cyagenwe cya inverter. Ufashe urutonde rwibizamini nkurugero, imbaraga ntarengwa zingufu za moderi ya fotovoltaque ni 10A, mugihe ibyinjijwe byinjira byinjira muri inverter ni 8A. Ibiriho birenze urugero bizatera inverter kurenza urugero, ibyo ntibizagira ingaruka kumikorere yamashanyarazi gusa, ahubwo binagabanya igihe cyumurimo wa inverter. Nyuma yigihe kirekire cyo kugenzura guhuza hamwe nibyiza bihuye neza, igipimo cyo kunanirwa kwa sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi mugihe cyumwaka umwe ni 1% gusa, mugihe igipimo cyo kunanirwa guhuza hamwe numuyoboro udahuye kiri hejuru ya 15%, ibyo bikaba byerekana uruhare runini rwibizamini bihuye mukugabanya igipimo cya sisitemu no kunoza sisitemu.
2.3 Ikizamini cyo guhuza imbaraga
Ikizamini cyo guhuza imbaraga nikimenyetso cyuzuye cyo gusuzuma imikorere yizuba ryizuba hamwe na moderi yifotora. Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryasesenguye imbaraga zihuza imbaraga zitandukanye mu gupima neza ingufu zisohoka mu bihe bitandukanye. Muri 30 zahujwe zageragejwe, 40% yibihuza byari bifite imbaraga zidahuye. Kurugero, munsi yumucyo runaka, imbaraga zisohoka mumashanyarazi ya fotora ni 300W, mugihe inverter ihuye nayo ishobora guhindura gusa 250W yingufu, naho 50W yingufu zisigaye ntizishobora gukoreshwa neza, bikaviramo gutakaza ingufu zingana na 16.67%. Nyuma yigihe kirekire cyo kugenzura imikorere yingufu zamashanyarazi zoguhuza hamwe nimbaraga nziza zihuye, impuzandengo yabyo yo gutanga amashanyarazi iri hejuru ya 15% ugereranije niyivangwa nimbaraga zidahuye, kandi irashobora gukomeza imikorere itanga ingufu zihamye mugihe cyibihe bitandukanye kandi urumuri. Ibi birerekana ko ikizamini cyo guhuza ingufu gifite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere imikorere rusange yimikorere yizuba ryizuba no kunoza imikoreshereze yingufu.

3. Ikizamini cyo gukorana
3.1 Ikigereranyo ntarengwa cyingufu zikurikirana ikizamini
Ikurikiranwa ry’ingufu ntarengwa (MPPT) ni tekinoroji yingenzi yo kunoza imikorere y’amashanyarazi muri sisitemu y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, kandi imikorere yayo ni ingenzi cyane mu guhindura ingufu za sisitemu yose. Itsinda ryubushakashatsi ryakoze ingufu ntarengwa zikurikirana ibizamini bya synergie kuri moderi ya fotovoltaque hamwe na inverter ihuza ibirango na moderi zitandukanye. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko muri 50 ikomatanyirizo ryibizamini, amatsinda 15 (bingana na 30%) afite imikorere idahwitse kandi ntishobora kugera ku ntera nini yo gukurikirana. Kurugero, ingufu ntarengwa zingufu za voltage hamwe numuyoboro wikimenyetso runaka cyamafoto yerekana amashanyarazi azahinduka munsi yubushyuhe butandukanye, kandi inverter ihuye nayo ntishobora gukurikirana izi mpinduka mugihe kandi gikwiye, bigatuma igabanuka ryamashanyarazi agera kuri 10%. Ibinyuranye na byo, guhuza hamwe n’imikorere myiza ikora bishobora gukurikirana ingufu ntarengwa mugihe nyacyo, kandi ingufu zayo zitanga ingufu zishobora kugera kuri 95% mugihe cyumucyo utandukanye, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko ikigereranyo kinini cy’ingufu zikurikirana ikizamini kigira uruhare runini mugutezimbere ingufu zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi akomoka kumirasire y'izuba.
3.2 Ikizamini cyo gukorana neza
Ikizamini cyo gukora neza kigamije gusuzuma imikorere rusange yimikorere ya fotokoltaque na inverter mugikorwa cyo guhindura ingufu. Mugereranije ingufu zitanga ingufu zuburyo butandukanye muburyo bumwe bwo kumurika, itsinda ryubushakashatsi ryerekanye ko ingufu zitanga ingufu zoguhuza hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse buri hejuru ya 20% ugereranije niy'ubufatanye hamwe nubushobozi buke bwo kugereranya. Muri 40 zahujwe zageragejwe, amatsinda 10 (angana na 25%) afite imikorere idahwitse yimikorere, cyane cyane ko ibipimo byamashanyarazi hagati ya moderi yifotora na inverter bidahuye, bikaviramo gutakaza ingufu nyinshi mugihe cyo kohereza no guhinduka. Kurugero, ibisubizo byikigereranyo cyibisubizo byitsinda ryamafoto ya moderi na inverters byerekana ko imbaraga zabo zo guhindura ingufu ari 75% gusa, mugihe izindi guhuza hamwe nibikorwa byiza bikorana bishobora kugera kuri 90%. Ibi birerekana ko ikizamini cyo gukora neza gishobora kwerekana neza itandukaniro ryimikorere hagati yibihuza bitandukanye, kandi bigatanga umurongo wingenzi kubakoresha kugirango bahitemo imikorere ya PV ikora neza kandi ihuza hamwe na inverter ikomatanya.
3.3 Ikizamini cyo guhuza imbaraga
Ikizamini cyo guhuza imbaraga ni ihuriro ryingenzi mugusuzuma imikorere ya sisitemu yo kubyara izuba mugihe gikora igihe kirekire. Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryakoze ikizamini cyumwaka umwe gihamye cyo guhuza imbaraga zitandukanye kugirango bakurikirane impinduka zimikorere yabo mubihe bitandukanye nibidukikije. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko mu bigeragezo 60 byahujwe, amatsinda 20 (angana na 33.3%) afite imikorere idahwitse yo guhuza imbaraga, bigaragarira cyane cyane ku ihindagurika rinini mu mikorere y’amashanyarazi no ku gipimo kinini cyo gutsindwa. Kurugero, ingufu zamashanyarazi zitsinda rya modul ya PV na inverteri byagabanutseho 15% mugihe cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru mugihe cyizuba, kandi byagabanutseho 10% mugihe cy'ubushyuhe buke mugihe cy'itumba, kandi gutsindwa 3 byabaye mugihe cyumwaka. Ihuriro hamwe n’imikorere myiza ihamye ikora ifite ihindagurika rito mu mikorere y’amashanyarazi n’igipimo cyo gutsindwa cya 1% -2% gusa mu bihe bitandukanye ndetse n’ibidukikije, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko igeragezwa ry’imikoreshereze y’ingirakamaro rifite akamaro gakomeye kugira ngo imikorere y’amashanyarazi ikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba irambye.

4. Ikizamini cyo kurwanya ibidukikije
4.1 Ikizamini cyo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere
Ubushyuhe ni ikintu cyingenzi cyibidukikije kigira ingaruka ku guhuza imirasire yizuba hamwe na moderi yifotora. Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryakoze ibizamini byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe ku guhuza moderi zifotora no guhinduranya ibicuruzwa bitandukanye na moderi. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko mu bushyuhe bwa -20 ℃ kugeza kuri 50 ℃, 20% yo guhuza ntibishobora gutangira bisanzwe mubihe by'ubushyuhe buke. Impamvu nyamukuru nuko imikorere yibikoresho bya elegitoronike ya inverter yangirika ku bushyuhe buke, bikaviramo kutabasha gukorana na moderi ya Photovoltaque. Kurugero, kuri 15 Mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, 15% byahujwe bifite uburinzi bukabije, bigira ingaruka kumashanyarazi. Nyuma yo gukurikirana igihe kirekire ikomatanyirizo hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza bwo guhangana nubushyuhe, ingufu zayo zitanga ingufu mubihe bitandukanye byubushyuhe burahinduka 5% gusa, mugihe ingufu zitanga ingufu zo guhuza hamwe nubushyuhe buke bw’imihindagurikire ihindagurika kugera kuri 20%, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko igeragezwa ry’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe rifite akamaro kanini kugira ngo imikorere ihamye kandi itange ingufu zitangwa n’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba mu bihe bitandukanye by’ubushyuhe.
4.2 Ikizamini cyo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere
Ubushuhe nabwo bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku guhuza imirasire y'izuba hamwe na moderi ya Photovoltaque. Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryakoze ibizamini byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku buryo butandukanye hagati y’ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 20% na 90%. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byagaragaje ko 25% by'ibiteranyo byagize ibibazo nko kugabanya imikorere yo gukumira no gutemba mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Impamvu nyamukuru ni uko imikorere yo gufunga modul ya fotovoltaque na inverters bidahagije, bigatuma ibice byimbere biba bitose. Kurugero, kurwanya insulasiyo yikimenyetso runaka cyamafoto yifoto yagabanutseho 30% kuri 80% yubushyuhe bugereranije, byongera ibyago byo kumeneka no kugira ingaruka kumikorere ya sisitemu. Ikigereranyo cyo kunanirwa guhuza hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza bwo guhangana nubushyuhe butandukanye bwari 2% gusa, kandi ingufu zamashanyarazi ntizagize ingaruka. Ibi birerekana ko igeragezwa ry’imihindagurikire y’ikirere rishobora kwerekana neza itandukaniro ry’imikorere itandukanye y’ibidukikije, kandi bigatanga ingwate ku mikorere yizewe y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ahantu hatandukanye.
4.3 Ikizamini cyo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere
Uburebure kandi bugira ingaruka zikomeye kubijyanye no guhuza imirasire y'izuba hamwe na moderi ya Photovoltaque. Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryakoze ibizamini byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku buryo butandukanye buri hagati ya metero 0 na metero 3000 hejuru y’inyanja. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko uko ubutumburuke bwiyongera, 30% yo guhuza bifite ibibazo nko gukuraho amashanyarazi adahagije no kugabanya imbaraga zo gukumira. Impamvu nyamukuru nuko umwuka uba muke ahantu hirengeye, kandi imikorere yo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwibikoresho byamashanyarazi birangirika. Kurugero, mugihe ikirango runaka cya inverter kiri ku butumburuke bwa metero 2500, gukuraho amashanyarazi ntibihagije, bikavamo gusohora, bigira ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe ya sisitemu. Nyamara, guhuza hamwe nuburinganire bwiza bwo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere bikomeza gukora neza kandi bitanga ingufu ku butumburuke butandukanye, hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’amashanyarazi ihindagurika rya 3% gusa naho ikananirwa kiri munsi ya 1%. Ibi birerekana ko igeragezwa ry’imihindagurikire y’ikirere rifite uruhare runini mu kurinda umutekano no gutanga amashanyarazi meza y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku zuba ahantu hatandukanye.

5. Uburyo bwikosa nuburyo bwo kurinda imikorere
5.1 Ikizamini cyuburyo butari bwo
Ikizamini cyuburyo bwikosa nigice cyingenzi cyo gusuzuma kwizerwa ryizuba ryizuba hamwe na moderi ifotora. Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryakoze ikizamini cyuzuye cyuburyo bwikosa kubirango bitandukanye na moderi ya moderi ya Photovoltaque hamwe na inverter ikomatanya bikunze kugaragara kumasoko. Muri 100 zahujwe zageragejwe, uburyo bukurikira bwakunze kuboneka:
Ikosa rirenze: Muri 20% yikomatanya, iyo inverter ikozwe hejuru yimbaraga zagenwe, kurinda inverter kurenza urugero birakorwa kandi ntibishobora gukora mubisanzwe. Kurugero, iyo urumuri rwumurwi witsinda runaka rya moderi ya fotovoltaque ryiyongera gitunguranye, imbaraga zisohoka zirenga 15% byingufu zagenwe za inverter, bigatuma kurinda inverter kurenza urugero gutangira, sisitemu ihagarika gukora, kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere yamashanyarazi.
Ikosa rigufi ryumuzunguruko: Mubigero bigereranijwe byumuzunguruko, 15% byihuza bifite ibikorwa bigufi byo kurinda umuzunguruko. Iyo umuzunguruko mugufi ubaye muri module ya Photovoltaque, inverters zimwe zananiwe guca umuzenguruko mugihe cyagenwe, bikaviramo ibikoresho byangiritse. Kurugero, mugihe gito cyumuzunguruko wikimenyetso runaka cya inverter, igihe gito cyo gukingira umutekano wumuzunguruko urenze icyifuzo gisanzwe cyamasegonda 0.1, gitera kwangiriza ibice byimbere, kandi ikiguzi cyo gusana kiri hejuru ya 30% yikiguzi cyambere cyibikoresho.
Ubushyuhe bukabije: Mubushuhe bwo hejuru, 25% yibihuza bifite ibikorwa byo kurinda ubushyuhe bukabije. Iyo ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bwa inverteri burenze 45 ℃, sisitemu yo gukonjesha ntishobora gukora neza, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwibikoresho buba hejuru cyane kandi birinda guhagarika byikora. Kurugero, moderi runaka ya inverter irazimya kubera ubushyuhe bwimbere burenga 70 ℃ nyuma yo kwiruka ubudahwema amasaha 2 mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru mugihe cyizuba, bikagira ingaruka kububasha bwo gutanga ingufu za sisitemu.
Ikosa ryumuriro wamashanyarazi: Muri voltage nigeragezwa ryimihindagurikire, 30% yikomatanya bifite amakosa yatewe nihindagurika ryamashanyarazi. Iyo ubukana bwurumuri rwa moderi zimwe na zimwe zifotora zahindutse, ibisohoka n’umuvuduko w’ibisohoka hamwe n’ubu bigenda bihindagurika cyane, birenze urugero rwo guhuza n'imiterere ya inverter, bigatuma inverter idakora neza. Kurugero, iyo urumuri rwinshi rwitsinda rya moderi ya fotovoltaque igabanutse kuva 1000W / m² ikagera kuri 500W / m², ingufu zavuyemo zigabanukaho 20%, bigatuma inverter idashobora kugera kumashanyarazi ntarengwa kandi ingufu zikagabanuka hafi 30%.
5.2 Ikizamini cyo kurinda ibikorwa
Ikizamini cyimikorere yo gukingira cyateguwe kugirango hamenyekane ubushobozi bwo kwikingira izuba ryizuba hamwe na moderi ya fotovoltaque mubihe bitandukanye kugirango amakosa akorwe neza. Itsinda ryubushakashatsi ryakoze ibizamini birambuye kumurimo wo kurinda ibintu bitandukanye, kandi ibisubizo nibi bikurikira:
Igikorwa cyo kurinda ibicuruzwa birenze urugero: Mu kizamini kirenze urugero, 85% byahujwe byashoboye gukora ibikorwa byo kurinda imitwaro igihe, guca umuzenguruko, no kurinda ibikoresho kwangirika. Kurugero, iyo imbaraga zisohoka mubirango runaka bya inverter zirenze 20% byingufu zapimwe, irashobora gutangira kurinda ibicuruzwa birenze amasegonda 0.05, guhagarika umuzenguruko, no kurinda neza ibikoresho.
Igikorwa cyo gukingira imiyoboro ngufi: Mu kizamini kigufi cyumuzunguruko, 90% yibihuza byashoboye gukora ibikorwa bigufi byo kurinda imiyoboro mugihe cyagenwe. Kurugero, nyuma yumuzunguruko mugufi ubaye, moderi runaka ya inverter irashobora guhagarika uruziga mumasegonda 0.08, ikirinda kwangirika kwibikoresho no kurinda umutekano wa sisitemu.
Igikorwa cyo kurinda ubushyuhe bukabije: Mu kizamini cyo hejuru cy'ubushyuhe, 95% byahujwe byashoboye gukora ibikorwa byo kurinda ubushyuhe bukabije. Kurugero, iyo ubushyuhe bwimbere bwikimenyetso runaka cya inverter bugera kuri 65 ℃, sisitemu yo gukonjesha ihita itangira. Niba ubushyuhe bukomeje kuzamuka kugera kuri 70 ℃, burahita buhagarara kugirango burinde, burinde neza ibikoresho kwangirika nubushyuhe bwinshi.
Igikorwa cyo gukingira amashanyarazi amashanyarazi: Muri voltage hamwe nikizamini gihindagurika, 70% byahujwe byashoboye gukora ibikorwa byo gukingira amashanyarazi. Kurugero, mugihe ibisohoka voltage yumurwi runaka wa moderi ya fotovoltaque igabanutseho 15%, inverter irashobora guhita ihindura uburyo bwakazi kugirango igumane imikorere ihamye ya sisitemu kandi urebe neza ko ingufu zamashanyarazi zitagira ingaruka.
Igikorwa cyo gukingira insulasiyo: Mubipimo byubushuhe nuburebure, 80% yibihuza bishobora gutangira ibikorwa byo gukingira. Kurugero, mubushuhe buhebuje, mugihe irwanya insulasiyo yikimenyetso runaka cyamafoto ya moderi na inverteri igabanuka kugera kuri 80% byagaciro gasanzwe, ibikoresho birashobora guhita bitangira kurinda izirinda, guhagarika umuzenguruko, no gukumira impanuka ziva.
Igikorwa cyo gukingira igitaka: Mugupima ikosa ryikizamini, 90% yikomatanya irashobora gutangira ibikorwa byo kurinda ubutaka mugihe. Kurugero, mugihe moderi runaka ya inverter ibonye ikosa ryibanze, irashobora guhagarika umuzenguruko mumasegonda 0.1, ikarinda umutekano wa sisitemu.

6. Isesengura ryibibazo bihuye nibirango bitandukanye

6.1 Ikirango cyo murugo gihuza ikizamini
Isoko ry’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’imbere mu gihugu riratera imbere byihuse, kandi ibirango byinshi byo mu gihugu bigenda bigaragara mu rwego rwa moderi ya fotora na inverter. Muguhuza ibizamini kubicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bizwi mu gihugu, birashobora gutanga ibisobanuro byingenzi byubaka amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.
Ikirangantego Module yerekana amafoto na marike B inverters: Ikirangantego Module ya Photovoltaque ifite umugabane munini ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu, kandi ibicuruzwa byayo bizwiho gukora neza kandi bihamye. Ibicuruzwa bya Brand B bizwi nisoko ryikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere kandi rihuza neza. Mu kizamini, guhuza byakozwe neza mumashanyarazi ahuye, hamwe na voltage itandukanijwe na 1% gusa, kandi guhuza kwubu nabyo byari byiza. Ibipimo byinjiza byinjira muri inverter birashobora kuba byujuje ingufu ntarengwa zisabwa muri moderi ya fotokoltaque. Mu igeragezwa rihuza imbaraga, ingufu zitanga ingufu zo guhuza zishobora kugera hejuru ya 90% mubihe bitandukanye byo kumurika, byerekana imikorere myiza. Mumwanya ntarengwa wogukurikirana ikizamini cya synergy, inverter irashobora kwihuta kandi neza neza ingingo ntarengwa yingufu za moderi ya fotovoltaque, kandi ingufu zamashanyarazi zirashobora kugumaho hejuru ya 95% nubwo imbaraga zumucyo zihinduka vuba. Mu kizamini cyo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije, guhuza bishobora gukora neza mu bipimo by’ubushyuhe bwa -10 ℃ kugeza 45 ℃, ugereranije n’ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 30% na 80%, hamwe n’uburebure bwa metero 0 kugeza kuri metero 2000, hamwe n’imihindagurikire mito mu mikorere y’amashanyarazi kandi ikananirwa kugera kuri 1% gusa. Muburyo bwikosa no kurinda imikorere yikizamini, kurinda kurenza urugero, kurinda imiyoboro ngufi, kurinda ubushyuhe bwinshi nindi mirimo yo guhuza irashobora gukoreshwa mugihe kugirango irinde neza ibikoresho kwangirika. Ibi birerekana ko guhuza ikirango cyimbere mu gihugu A modele yifotora hamwe na B inverteri ya B ifite ubwuzuzanye kandi bwizewe, kandi irashobora guha ingufu amashanyarazi akomoka kumirasire y'izuba mubice byinshi byigihugu.
Ikirangantego C cyerekana amafoto hamwe na D D inverters: Moderi ya C yerekana amafoto yerekana amashusho atoneshwa nabakoresha mubushinwa kubikorwa byabo bihendutse kandi serivisi nziza nyuma yo kugurisha. Ibicuruzwa bya Brand D byibanda ku guhanga udushya no gucunga ubwenge. Mu kizamini, guhuza byari bifite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bihuye na voltage, kandi gutandukana kwa voltage byageze kuri 3%. Nubwo iri murwego rusanzwe, igira ingaruka runaka kubikorwa byamashanyarazi. Muri iki gihe cyo guhuza ibizamini, ibipimo byinjijwe byinjira muri inverter biri munsi gato ugereranije n’ingufu ntarengwa y’amashanyarazi ya moderi ya Photovoltaque, bigatuma inverter iremererwa hejuru y’urumuri rwinshi, kandi imikorere y’amashanyarazi igabanukaho hafi 5%. Mu igeragezwa rihuza ingufu, ingufu zitanga ingufu zo guhuza zahindutse cyane mubihe bitandukanye byumucyo, hamwe nimpuzandengo yumuriro w'amashanyarazi ugereranije na 85%, ibyo bikaba biri munsi yikomatanyirizo ryikimenyetso A hamwe nikirangantego B. Mugihe kinini cyo gukurikiranira hafi ingufu zipima ikizamini, umuvuduko ukurikirana wa inverter uratinda, kandi ingufu zamashanyarazi zigabanuka hafi 10% mugihe ubukana bwumucyo buhindutse cyane. Mu kizamini cyo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije, guhuza bitangira buhoro buhoro mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe buke, imikorere yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe igomba kunozwa mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, imikorere y’amashanyarazi ihindagurika cyane, kandi igipimo cyo gutsindwa kiri hafi 3%. Muburyo bwikosa no kurinda imikorere yikizamini, kurinda ibintu birenze urugero hamwe nigihe gito cyo kurinda imiyoboro yumuzunguruko irashobora gutangira bisanzwe, ariko ibikorwa byo kurinda ubushyuhe bifite igihe kirekire cyo gusubiza mugihe cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bishobora kugira ingaruka runaka mubuzima bwa serivisi bwibikoresho. Ibi birerekana ko guhuza ibirango C bifotora modul hamwe na marike D inverters bigomba kurushaho kunozwa mubice bimwe na bimwe kugirango tunoze guhuza no kwizerwa.
6.2 Urubanza mpuzamahanga rwo guhuza ikizamini
Ibirango mpuzamahanga bifite ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere hamwe nuburambe bukomeye mubijyanye na moderi yifotora na inverter, kandi ibicuruzwa byabo bifite izina ryinshi numugabane wisoko kumasoko yisi. Igeragezwa ryibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga birashobora gutanga ibisobanuro byokoresha murwego rwohejuru hamwe niterambere mpuzamahanga rya sisitemu yo kubyara ingufu zizuba.
Ikirangantego cya E cyerekana amafoto hamwe na F inverter ikomatanya: Moderi ya Brand E yerekana amafoto azwiho gukora neza no kwizerwa cyane kumasoko mpuzamahanga. Ibicuruzwa byayo bikoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo gukora nibikoresho kandi bifite ubuzima burebure. Inverter yikimenyetso F izwi nabakoresha kwisi yose kubikorwa byayo bihanitse hamwe nubuhanga bwo kugenzura ubwenge. Mu kizamini, guhuza byakozwe neza mumashanyarazi ahuye, hamwe na voltage itandukana ya 0.5% gusa hamwe nibyiza bihuye. Ibipimo byinjiza byinjira muri inverter birashobora kuzuza byimazeyo ingufu ntarengwa zisabwa muri moderi ya Photovoltaque. Mu kizamini cyo guhuza imbaraga, ingufu zitanga ingufu zo guhuza zishobora kugera hejuru ya 92% mubihe bitandukanye byo kumurika, byerekana imikorere myiza. Mugihe ntarengwa cyingufu zikurikirana ikizamini cya synergy, inverter irashobora gukurikirana neza ingingo ntarengwa yingufu za module ya fotokoltaque mugihe nyacyo, kandi ingufu zamashanyarazi zirashobora kugumaho hejuru ya 96% nubwo haba hari urumuri rutoroshye. Mu kizamini cyo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije, ihuriro rishobora gukora neza mu bushyuhe bwa -25 ℃ kugeza kuri 55 ℃, ubushuhe bugereranije buri hagati ya 20% na 95%, hamwe n’uburebure buri hagati ya 0m na ​​3500m, hamwe n’imihindagurikire mike mu mikorere y’amashanyarazi kandi ikananirwa kuri 0.5% gusa. Muburyo bwikosa no kurinda imikorere yikizamini, ibikorwa byose byo kurinda guhuza bishobora gukora mugihe gito cyane, bikarinda neza ibikoresho kwangirika. Ibi birerekana ko guhuza ibirango mpuzamahanga bya E Photovoltaic modules hamwe na F F inverters ifite ubwuzuzanye buhebuje kandi bwizewe, irashobora guhaza ibikenerwa n’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ahantu hatandukanye, kandi ni amahitamo meza kuri sisitemu yo hejuru y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.
Moderi yerekana amafoto ya moderi na marike H inverters: Module yerekana amafoto ya Brand G yashimishije abakoresha mumasoko mpuzamahanga hamwe nikoranabuhanga rishya kandi rikora neza. Ibicuruzwa bya H H byibanda kubicuruzwa bihamye kandi biramba. Mu kizamini, guhuza byakozwe neza muguhuza voltage, hamwe na voltage itandukanijwe ya 2%, iri murwego rusanzwe. Muri iki gihe cyo guhuza ibizamini, ibipimo byinjijwe byinjira muri inverter ahanini bihuye nimbaraga nini ntarengwa ya moderi ya fotokoltaque, ariko mugihe cyumucyo ukabije, inverter irashobora kuba iremerewe gato, kandi ingufu zamashanyarazi zigabanukaho hafi 3%. Mu igeragezwa rihuza imbaraga, ingufu zitanga ingufu zo guhuza ni 88% mugereranije mugihe cyumucyo utandukanye, munsi gato ugereranije no guhuza ikirango E na marike F, ariko birahagaze neza mubucyo buciriritse. Muri power power point ikurikirana ikizamini gikorana, imikorere ya inverter irahagaze neza, kandi ingufu zitanga ingufu zigabanukaho hafi 5% mugihe ubukana bwumucyo buhindutse. Mu kizamini cyo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije, guhuza byatangiye bisanzwe mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe buke, ariko mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ubushyuhe bwinshi, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zahindutse cyane, kandi gutsindwa byari hafi 2%. Muburyo bwikosa no gukingira imikorere yikizamini, kurinda ibintu birenze urugero hamwe nigihe gito cyo gukingira imiyoboro yo guhuza bishobora gutangira mugihe, ariko umurimo wo kurinda ubushyuhe ufite igihe gito cyo gusubiza munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe bwinshi, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka runaka kumyanya ndende yibikoresho. Ibi birerekana ko guhuza ibirango G bifotora modul hamwe na marike H inverters iringaniza mubikorwa rusange, ariko nibindi byiza birakenewe mubidukikije bikabije kugirango tunoze guhuza no kwizerwa.

7. Isuzuma ryibisubizo hamwe nibitekerezo byiza
7.1 Ibipimo byo gusuzuma ibisubizo
Kugirango dusuzume byimazeyo ibisubizo byikizamini cyo guhuza ibikorwa byo guhuza imirasire y'izuba hamwe na moderi ya Photovoltaque, itsinda ryubushakashatsi ryasuzumye byimazeyo imikorere yabo uhereye kubintu byinshi byingenzi:
Gukora ingufu z'amashanyarazi: bipimirwa kugereranya ikigereranyo cyingufu zamashanyarazi nyazo nimbaraga nini zitanga ingufu zingirakamaro zitandukanye muburyo bumwe bwo kumurika. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko guhuza hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse bwo kubyara ingufu bishobora kugera kuri 96%, mugihe hasi cyane ari 75% gusa, naho ikigereranyo cyo gutanga amashanyarazi ni 87%. Iki kimenyetso kigaragaza mu buryo butaziguye imbaraga zo guhindura imbaraga mugihe moderi ya fotovoltaque na inverter ikorana, kandi nikimwe mubipimo ngenderwaho byo gusuzuma imikorere ya sisitemu.
Igipimo cyo kunanirwa: Ikigereranyo cyumubare watsinzwe muri buri guhuza mugihe cyikizamini cyigihe cyo gukora cyose kirabaze. Ikizamini cyikizamini ni umwaka umwe, kandi ibisubizo byerekana ko guhuza hamwe nigipimo gito cyo gutsindwa ari 0.5% gusa, mugihe hejuru ni 15%. Igipimo gito cyo gutsindwa bivuze ko sisitemu ihagaze neza kandi yizewe mubikorwa byigihe kirekire, kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga no gutaha.
Ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bihuye: harimo gutandukana na voltage, guhuza, hamwe nimbaraga. Gukomatanya hamwe na voltage ntoya gutandukana ni 0.5% gusa, mugihe kinini ari 18.18%; mubyerekeranye nubu bihuye, bimwe bihuza birenze ibipimo byinjijwe byinjira muri inverter, bikaviramo ingaruka zirenze urugero; ingufu zitanga ingufu zitakaza imbaraga zo guhuza hamwe nimbaraga zidahuye zishobora kugera kuri 16.67%. Ibikoresho byiza byamashanyarazi bihuye nishingiro ryokwemeza imikorere myiza kandi ihamye ya sisitemu.
Kurwanya ibidukikije: Suzuma impinduka zimikorere ya buri guhuza munsi yubushyuhe butandukanye, ubushuhe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Imbaraga zitanga ingufu zo guhuza hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza bwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire ihindagurika 5% gusa mu ntera ya -20 ℃ kugeza kuri 50 ℃, mu gihe ihindagurika ry’imikoreshereze mibi rishobora kugera kuri 20%; igipimo cyo kunanirwa guhuza hamwe nubushuhe bwiza bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire ni 2% gusa murwego rwo hagati yubushyuhe buri hagati ya 20% na 90%, kandi ingufu zamashanyarazi ntizihinduka; ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikora neza hamwe nuburinganire bwiza bwo guhuza n'imihindagurikire ihindagurika kuri 3% gusa murwego rwa metero 0 kugeza kuri metero 3000 hejuru yinyanja, kandi igipimo cyo kunanirwa kiri munsi ya 1%. Ihindagurika ry’ibidukikije ryiza rituma amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba akora neza mu gihe kinini cy’imiterere n’ikirere.
Umubare ntarengwa wogukurikirana (MPPT) imikorere yimikorere: upima ubushobozi bwa inverter yo gukurikirana ingufu ntarengwa ya moderi ya fotovoltaque. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko ingufu zitanga ingufu zoguhuza hamwe nibikorwa byiza byo gukorana bishobora kugera kuri 95% mugihe cyumucyo utandukanye, mugihe ingufu zitanga ingufu zivanze nabi zigabanukaho hafi 10%. Imikorere ya MPPT ikora neza irashobora gukoresha cyane imbaraga zisohoka za moderi ya Photovoltaque kandi ikanoza ingufu muri rusange amashanyarazi.
7.2
Hashingiwe ku bisubizo by'ibipimo ngenderwaho byavuzwe haruguru, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ritanga ibitekerezo bikurikira byogutezimbere kugirango tunonosore imikoreshereze yizuba hamwe na moderi yifotora:
Kunoza neza ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bihuye: Kubihuza hamwe no gutandukana kwinshi kwa voltage, abakora inverter barashobora guhindura igishushanyo mbonera cyumuzunguruko kandi bagashyiraho uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura voltage kugirango binjize voltage yumurongo wa inverter irusheho guhinduka kugirango ihuze n’umuriro ntarengwa w’amashanyarazi ya modul zitandukanye. Kurugero, tegura inverter ifite intera nini ya voltage yinjiza ishobora guhita imenya kandi igahindura voltage yinjira kugirango umenye neza ko voltage ihuza gutandukana na moderi ya fotokolta igenzurwa muri 2%. Kubibazo bihuye nubu, abakora amafoto ya fotovoltaque bagomba kurushaho kunoza imikorere yumusaruro no kugabanya ihindagurika ryibisohoka muri module kumwanya ntarengwa; icyarimwe, abakora inverter barashobora kongera urwego ntarengwa rwo kurinda imizigo kugirango ishobore kwihanganira urwego runaka rwikirenga mugihe gito, birinda guhagarika inverteri bitewe numuyoboro uhita urenga igipimo cyagenwe.
Kongera igishushanyo mbonera cy’imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije: Ku guhuza hamwe n’ubushyuhe buke bw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, abahinguzi ba inverter bagomba kunoza igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, bagakoresha ibikoresho byiza byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe n’uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, kandi bakemeza ko ubushyuhe bwa inverter bushobora kugenzurwa neza n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru; icyarimwe, hindura imikorere yubushyuhe buke bwibikoresho bya elegitoronike kugirango bashobore gutangira no gukora mubisanzwe mubihe by'ubushyuhe buke. Kubibazo byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere, moderi ya PV hamwe n’abakora inverteri bagomba gushimangira imikorere y’ibidandazwa, gufata ibikoresho byo gupakira bitarimo amazi n’amazi hamwe n’ibikorwa byo gufunga, kuzamura urwego rwo kurinda ibice by’imbere, no kwirinda ko amazi yatemba. Ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’imiterere y’imiterere, abakora inverter bakeneye kongera guhindura amashanyarazi n’ingufu kugira ngo bahuze ibyifuzo byihariye by’umwuka mwinshi ahantu hahanamye, kandi barebe ko ibikoresho bishobora gukora neza kandi bihamye ahantu hirengeye.
Kunoza imikorere ihuriweho nimbaraga nini zikurikirana: Abakora inverter bagomba kongera ishoramari mubushakashatsi no guteza imbere algorithm ya MPPT, bagatezimbere byihuse kandi byukuri bikurikirana algorithms, kandi bagashobora gukurikirana ibyasohotse mubiranga modules ya PV mugihe nyacyo, kandi bagahindura byihuse imikorere yimikorere ya inverter kugirango bagere kubikurikirana neza. Kurugero, ukoresheje tekinoroji ya sensor igezweho kugirango ukurikirane ubukana bwumucyo nihindagurika ryubushyuhe mugihe nyacyo, uhujwe na algorithms zubwenge kugirango uhindure imbaraga MPPT, kugirango ingufu zamashanyarazi zishobore gukomeza hejuru ya 95% mubihe bitandukanye. Mugihe kimwe, abakora PV module nabo bagomba gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye biranga module.ibipimo kugirango abakora inverter bashobore kurushaho kunoza algorithm ya MPPT no kunoza imikorere.
Gushimangira kugenzura ubuziranenge no gushyira mu bikorwa bisanzwe: Ababikora bagomba gukurikiza byimazeyo amahame mpuzamahanga ndetse n’imbere mu gihugu kugira ngo babone umusaruro no kugenzura ubuziranenge kugira ngo buri cyiciro cy’ibicuruzwa cyujuje ibisabwa bisanzwe. Mugihe cyibikorwa byo kongera umusaruro, shimangira igenzura ryibikoresho fatizo, kugenzura ibikorwa byakozwe no kugenzura ibicuruzwa byarangiye kugirango ugabanye ibibazo byuzuzanya biterwa nihindagurika ryiza mubikorwa. Muri icyo gihe kimwe, birasabwa ko inzego zishinzwe gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho zirusheho kunoza no kunonosora ibipimo n’ibisobanuro byo gupima imikoreshereze y’izuba hamwe na moderi y’amafoto y’amashanyarazi, kandi ukongeramo ibintu byinshi byipimisha kuri sisitemu nyayo ikoreshwa, nko kugerageza guhuza ibice bitandukanye (nkimisozi, ibibaya, ubutayu, nibindi) hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyiriraho (nko gushyiraho igisenge hamwe nubushakashatsi bwibikorwa byinshi hamwe nibindi bisobanuro). guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikwiye.
Gukora R&D hamwe no kugerageza: Abakora PV module nabakora inverter bagomba gushimangira ubufatanye no gukora imishinga ihuriweho na R&D hamwe nogupima. Mugusangira ibikoresho bya tekiniki hamwe namakuru yikizamini, dufatanye guhuza ibicuruzwa no kunoza ubwuzuzanye. Kurugero, amashyaka yombi arashobora gufatanya gushinga laboratoire ihuriweho kugirango ikore ibizamini binini byuzuzanya kumasoko rusange ya PV hamwe na moderi ya inverter kumasoko, gusesengura ibiranga imikorere nibibazo bihari byihuriro bitandukanye, kandi bigatezimbere tekinike.