Ndi magawo ati omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa pakuwongolera inverter ya solar?

Ndi magawo ati omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa pakuwongolera inverter ya solar?

1. Zigawo zolowetsa

1.1 DC yolowera magetsi osiyanasiyana
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya DC ndi imodzi mwamagawo ofunikira mukakonza inverter ya solar. Mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya solar idzasiyana chifukwa cha zinthu monga mphamvu ya kuwala ndi kutentha. Inverter iyenera kuvomereza mphamvu yamagetsi ya DC mkati mwamitundu ina kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ma voliyumu a DC ang'onoang'onoinverter ya dzuwanthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 100V ndi 500V, pomwe ma voliyumu amtundu wa inverter yayikulu yamalonda angakhale okulirapo, monga 150V mpaka 800V. Ngati voteji yolowera ipitilira izi, inverter imatha kulowa m'malo otetezedwa ndikulephera kugwira ntchito bwino, ndipo imatha kuwononga zida zamkati. Chifukwa chake, mukamakonza zolakwika, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwe amagetsi amtundu weniweni wa solar omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito akugwirizana ndi ma voliyumu a DC a inverter.

1.2 Kulowetsa kwakukulu komweko
Kuchulukitsa kwaposachedwa kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwaposachedwa komwe inverter ingagwire. Izi ndizofunika kuti zitsimikizire kuti inverter ikugwira ntchito motetezeka pamalowedwe amphamvu kwambiri. Ngati mphamvu yolowera iposa mtengo wapamwamba, imatha kuyambitsa kutentha kwambiri mkati mwa inverter, kuwononga zida zamagetsi, komanso kuyambitsa ngozi zachitetezo monga moto. Mwachitsanzo, inverter ya solar yokhala ndi mphamvu zovoteledwa ya 5kW nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mphamvu yolowera pakati pa 20A ndi 30A. Panthawi yotumiza, zolowetsazo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi zida monga masensa apano kuti zitsimikizire kuti sizikupitilira malire apano a inverter. Kuonjezera apo, kutulutsa kwakukulu kwamakono kwa solar panel pansi pazigawo zosiyana siyana zowunikira komanso kusakanikirana kofananirako kuyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti panopa dongosolo lonse liri mkati mwa malo otetezeka.

1.3 MPPT voliyumu yamagetsi
The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) voltage range ndi parameter yomwe imayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri potumiza inverter ya solar. Mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya solar solar ndi yosagwirizana ndi voliyumu ndi yapano, ndipo pali mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri. Ntchito ya MPPT imapangitsa kuti inverter ikhale yogwira ntchito nthawi zonse pamtunda wa mphamvu ya solar panel, potero kukulitsa mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu. Mtundu wamagetsi wa MPPT wa inverter nthawi zambiri umafanana ndi mtundu wamagetsi otulutsa a solar panel. Mwachitsanzo, kwa inverter yokhala ndi ma MPPT voteji osiyanasiyana a 150V mpaka 400V, ngati mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya solar ili mkati mwamtunduwu, inverter imatha kuchita bwino kuwongolera kwa MPPT. Pakutumidwa, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya solar ili mkati mwa MPPT voltage range of inverter komanso kuti MPPT algorithm ya inverter imatha kutsata molondola mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri. Kudzera muulamuliro wolondola wa MPPT, magwiridwe antchito onse amagetsi adzuwa amatha kuwongolera, ndipo kutulutsa mphamvu kumatha kuonjezedwa ndi 10% mpaka 30%.

2. Zigawo zotulutsa

2.1 Mphamvu yamagetsi
Kutulutsa kwamagetsi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kutumidwa kwa inverter ya dzuwa, yomwe imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi ngati inverter ingapereke mphamvu yokhazikika komanso yodalirika pa katunduyo. Mphamvu yotulutsa ya inverter nthawi zambiri imayenera kufananiza voteji ya gridi kapena voteji yovotera ya chipangizo chonyamula. Mwachitsanzo, mu inverter yolumikizidwa ndi gridi ya solar, magetsi otulutsa nthawi zambiri amakhala mozungulira 220V kapena 380V kuti akwaniritse zosowa zamagetsi apanyumba kapena malonda. Kwa ma inverter a solar akunja, mphamvu yotulutsa imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana, monga 12V, 24V kapena 48V. Panthawi yotumiza, voltmeter yolondola kwambiri kapena oscilloscope ndiyofunikira kuti muyeze kukula ndi mawonekedwe amagetsi amagetsi otulutsa. Kukhazikika kwamagetsi otulutsa ndikofunikanso kwambiri, ndipo kusinthasintha kwake nthawi zambiri kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mkati mwa ± 5% yamagetsi ovotera. Ngati magetsi otulutsa ndi okwera kwambiri kapena otsika kwambiri, zida zonyamula katundu zitha kuwonongeka kapena kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, ma voliyumu otulutsa a inverter ayeneranso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino oyankha kuti athe kuthana ndi kusintha kwachangu kwa katundu. Mwachitsanzo, pamene katundu akuwonjezeka mwadzidzidzi kapena kuchepa, inverter iyenera kusintha mphamvu yamagetsi kuti ikhale yokhazikika pakanthawi kochepa kuti iwonetsetse kuti dongosololi likugwira ntchito.

2.2 Kutulutsa pafupipafupi
Ma frequency otulutsa ndi gawo lina lofunikira pakuwongolera ma inverter a solar, makamaka ma inverter olumikizidwa ndi grid, omwe ma frequency awo amayenera kulumikizidwa mosamalitsa ndi ma frequency a grid. Mafupipafupi a gridi nthawi zambiri amakhala 50Hz kapena 60Hz, ndipo ma frequency a inverter amayenera kutsekedwa molondola pama frequency awa kuti atsimikizire kufalikira kwamphamvu komanso kugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwa gridi. Panthawi yokonza zolakwika, mita yafupipafupi kapena oscilloscope imafunika kuti muyese kukula ndi kukhazikika kwafupipafupi. Kulondola kwa ma frequency otuluka kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mkati mwa ± 0.1Hz. Ngati ma frequency omwe amatuluka sakugwirizana ndi ma gridi pafupipafupi, angayambitse kusinthasintha kwa gridi, kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a zida zina, ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa kulephera kwa gridi. Kwa ma inverter a solar a off-grid, ma frequency awo amafunikiranso kukhala okhazikika kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pafupipafupi pazida zonyamula. Mwachitsanzo, zida zina zamagetsi zimakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pakukhazikika pafupipafupi. Ngati ma frequency otuluka ndi osakhazikika, amatha kuyambitsa ntchito kapena kuwonongeka kwa zida. Chifukwa chake, pakuwongolera, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti ma frequency control control a inverter amatha kutsata molondola ndikusintha ma frequency otuluka kuti nthawi zonse azikhala mkati mwazomwe zatchulidwa.

2.3 Mphamvu zotulutsa
Mphamvu zotulutsa ndi chizindikiro chofunikira poyezera momwe ma inverters a solar akuyendera. Imawonetsa mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu ya inverter mkati mwa nthawi inayake. Panthawi yowonongeka, mphamvu yotulutsa inverter iyenera kuyesedwa molondola ndikuwunikiridwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikhoza kukwaniritsa zosowa za katunduyo. Mphamvu yotulutsa imadalira mphamvu yolowera ya solar panel, kutembenuka kwamphamvu kwa inverter, ndi kukula kwa katundu. Mwachitsanzo, inverter ya solar yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 5kW iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yotulutsa pafupi ndi 5kW pansi pamikhalidwe yabwino. Komabe, mu ntchito yeniyeni, chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kuwala kwamphamvu, kutentha, kutayika kwa inverter, etc., mphamvu yotulutsa ikhoza kukhala yotsika kuposa mphamvu yovotera. Pakuwongolera, ndikofunikira kuyeza mphamvu yotulutsa kudzera pazida monga zowunikira mphamvu ndikuzisintha molingana ndi momwe zimakhalira. Kusintha kwamphamvu kwa inverter ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri chokhudza mphamvu yotulutsa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayenera kukhala pakati pa 80% ndi 90%. Kutembenuza kwakukulu kumatanthauza kuti mphamvu zambiri za dzuwa zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi, potero kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yonse yopangira mphamvu ya dzuwa ikhale yabwino. Komanso, m'pofunikanso kuganizira linanena bungwe mphamvu makhalidwe a inverter pansi zinthu zosiyanasiyana katundu, monga katundu kuwala, katundu zonse ndi mochulukira. Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa katundu wopepuka, mphamvu yotulutsa inverter imatha kuchepa, koma iyenera kukhala yokhazikika; pansi pa katundu wathunthu, inverter iyenera kutulutsa mphamvu yovotera; Pakuchulukirachulukira, inverter iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yochulukirapo, koma siyingathe kupitilira malire ake ololedwa, apo ayi zida zitha kuwonongeka.

3. Zochita bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito

3.1 Kutembenuza mwachangu
Kusintha kwachangu ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu zoyezera magwiridwe antchito a ma solar inverters. Imawonetsa kuthekera kwa inverter kuti isinthe molunjika kukhala ma alternating current. Nthawi zambiri, kusinthika kwa ma inverters a solar kuli pakati pa 80% ndi 95%. Mwachitsanzo, kusinthika kwamphamvu kwa ma microinverters apamwamba kwambiri a gawo limodzi kumatha kufika kupitirira 95%, pomwe kusinthika kwa ma inverters a zingwe zitatu nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 90% ndi 95%. Kutembenuka kwakukulu kumatanthauza kuti mphamvu zambiri za dzuwa zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi, potero kuonjezera mphamvu yopangira mphamvu yamagetsi onse a dzuwa. Pakukonza zolakwika, zida zoyezera mphamvu zolondola zimafunikira kuti muwunikire kusinthika kwa inverter kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga. Kuphatikiza apo, kutembenuka kwamphamvu kwa inverter kudzakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kutentha ndi katundu. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kozungulira kukakhala kokwera kwambiri, kusinthika kwa inverter kumatha kuchepa. Chifukwa chake, pakuwongolera, ndikofunikira kuganizira momwe kutentha kumagwirira ntchito kuti muwonetsetse kuti inverter imatha kukhala ndi kutembenuka kwakukulu pakutentha kosiyanasiyana.

3.2 Mphamvu Factor
Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi gawo lofunikira poyezera mtundu wa mphamvu ya inverter. Imawonetsa chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya inverter ku mphamvu yowonekera. Kwa ma inverters a solar olumikizidwa ndi gridi, mphamvu yamagetsi nthawi zambiri imayenera kukhala pafupi ndi 1 kuti zitsimikizire kuyendetsa bwino kwamagetsi komanso kukhazikika kwa gridi yamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, ku Europe, mayiko ambiri amafuna kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yolumikizidwa ndi gridi ikhale pamwamba pa 0.95. Panthawi yowonongeka, mphamvu yamagetsi ya inverter iyenera kuyesedwa ndi zipangizo monga chowunikira mphamvu ndikusintha malinga ndi zofunikira za gridi yamagetsi. Mphamvu yosintha mphamvu ya inverter ndiyofunikanso kwambiri. Ma inverter ena apamwamba amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu yosinthika pakati pa 0.9 ndi 1 kuti agwirizane ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya gridi ndi zofunika zonyamula. Mwachitsanzo, pamene katundu ali wopepuka, mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kusinthidwa kuti ichepetse kutulutsa mphamvu yogwira ntchito; pamene katundu ndi wolemera, chinthu mphamvu akhoza kusintha kuti kusintha mphamvu kufala Mwachangu. Kupyolera mu kusintha kolondola kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, kutayika kwa mphamvu kwa gridi yamagetsi kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndipo kugwira ntchito bwino kwa gridi yamagetsi kumatha kuwongolera.

3.3 Zolemba za Harmonic
Zomwe zili mu Harmonic ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zofunika kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya inverter. Imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kupotoza kwa voliyumu yotulutsa komanso mawonekedwe amakono a inverter. Mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa ndi yapano ya inverter ya solar ikhoza kukhala ndi zigawo zina za harmonic, zomwe zingakhale ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa gridi yamagetsi ndi zida zonyamula. Mwachitsanzo, ma harmonics amatha kuyambitsa zovuta monga kusinthasintha kwamagetsi a gridi, kutentha kwa zida, komanso kuwonongeka kwa zida zodzitetezera. Pakukonza zolakwika, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida monga ma analyzer a harmonic kuti muyese zomwe zili mu inverter ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikugwirizana ndi zofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zili mkati mwa inverter ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mumtundu wina. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi miyezo ya International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), kupotoza kwathunthu kwa harmonic (THD) kwa inverter kuyenera kukhala kosakwana 5%. Ma inverters ena otsogola amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wosefera ndikuwongolera ma aligorivimu kuti achepetse zinthu za harmonic kukhala zotsika. Mwachitsanzo, ma inverters omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosefera amatha kuchepetsa THD mpaka 2%. Kupyolera mu kulamulira kothandiza kwa ma harmonic, mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya inverter ikhoza kusinthidwa, zotsatira za gridi yamagetsi ndi zida zonyamula katundu zikhoza kuchepetsedwa, ndipo ntchito yotetezeka komanso yokhazikika yamagetsi a dzuwa ikhoza kutsimikiziridwa.

4. Zochita zoteteza chitetezo

4.1 Chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri
Chitetezo cha overvoltage ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lachitetezo pakupanga ma solar inverter. Pamene voteji linanena bungwe la inverter kuposa anakhazikitsa chitetezo limagwirira, overvoltage chitetezo limagwirira adzayamba mwamsanga kupewa kuwonongeka kwa katundu katundu. Mwachitsanzo, mu gridi yolumikizidwa ndi solar inverter, ngati voteji ya gridi ikwera mwadzidzidzi chifukwa cha vuto kapena zifukwa zina, ntchito yoteteza inverter ya overvoltage imadula zotulutsa pamene voteji ipitilira 10% mpaka 15% yamagetsi ovotera kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha zida zonyamula katundu. Mu dongosolo la off-grid, ngati voteji ndi yokwera kwambiri batire itatha, chitetezo cha overvoltage cha inverter chidzachitanso nthawi kuti chipewe kuwonongeka kwa batri ndi katundu. Pa ndondomeko kutumidwa, m`pofunika molondola anapereka pakhomo la chitetezo overvoltage molingana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana ntchito ndi makhalidwe katundu, ndi kuyesa kuyankha liwiro ndi kudalirika kwa ntchito chitetezo ndi simulating zinthu overvoltage kuonetsetsa kuti mwamsanga ndi molondola anadula dera pamene voteji limatuluka mwachilendo.

4.2 Chitetezo chanthawi zonse
Ntchito yoteteza mopitilira muyeso ndiyofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino ma inverters a solar. Pamene kutulutsa kwaposachedwa kwa inverter kupitilira malire ake ovotera kapena malire otetezedwa, njira yodzitetezera yopitilira muyeso imayamba nthawi yomweyo kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa zida zamkati za inverter ndikuchulukira kwa zida zonyamula katundu. Mwachitsanzo, inverter ya dzuwa yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 3kW ili ndi mphamvu yotulutsa 13.6A (pa 220V yotulutsa magetsi). Ngati katunduyo akuchulukirachulukira ndipo zotulutsa zomwe zimatuluka zimaposa mtengo uwu, chitetezo cha overcurrent chidzadula dera mu nthawi yochepa. Pakuwongolera, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa malire achitetezo chopitilira muyeso malinga ndi mphamvu yovotera ndi katundu weniweni wa inverter. Nthawi zambiri, mtengo wachitetezo cha overcurrent ndi 120% mpaka 150% ya zomwe zidavotera pano. Kupyolera mu mgwirizano wa masensa amakono ndi mabwalo otetezera, inverter imatha kuyankha mwamsanga pamene panopa ikukwera mosadziwika bwino kuteteza zipangizo kuti zisawonongeke. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito yoteteza mopitilira muyeso iyenera kuyesedwa kangapo kuti iwonetsetse kudalirika kwake ndi liwiro la kuyankha pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yolemetsa kuti zitsimikizire kuti njira yonse yopangira mphamvu ya dzuwa ikugwira ntchito bwino.

4.3 Chitetezo chotsutsana ndi zisumbu
Chitetezo chotsutsana ndi zilumba ndi ntchito yofunikira yomwe ma inverters a solar olumikizidwa ndi grid ayenera kukhala nawo. Pamene gridi imataya mphamvu mwadzidzidzi chifukwa cha vuto kapena kukonza, inverter ikhoza kupitiriza kupereka mphamvu ku gululi, kupanga "chilumba" chakutali. Chochitika cha pachilumbachi sichimangoyika chiwopsezo pakubwezeretsa kwa gridi, komanso chikhoza kukhala chowopsa kwa ogwira ntchito yosamalira ndi zida. Choncho, ntchito yotsutsana ndi chilumbachi imatha kuzindikira mwamsanga dziko la chilumbachi pambuyo poti gululi lizimitsidwa ndikudula kugwirizana pakati pa inverter ndi gridi mu nthawi yochepa. Malinga ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, nthawi yoyankhidwa yoteteza chilumba cha inverter nthawi zambiri imayenera kukhala yosakwana masekondi a 2. Pakukonza zolakwika, ndikofunikira kuyesa kukhudzika ndi kuyankha kwachangu kwachitetezo cha anti-chilumba cha inverter potengera zolakwika monga kuzima kwa gridi. Ma inverters otsogola amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zodziwira, monga kuzindikirika kwa gawo la voliyumu ndikuwongolera pafupipafupi, kuwonetsetsa kuti zomwe zikuchitika pachilumbachi zitha kudziwika molondola komanso mwachangu komanso njira zodzitetezera zitha kuchitidwa pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zovuta. Kupyolera mu chitetezo chotsutsana ndi chilumba, chitetezo cha mphamvu ya dzuwa chikhoza kusinthidwa, kugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwa gululi ndi chitetezo chaumwini cha ogwira ntchito yosamalira chikhoza kutsimikiziridwa.

5. Kulumikizana ndi kuyang'anira magawo

5.1 Njira yolumikizirana
Protocol yolumikizirana ndiye maziko a kulumikizana kwa data pakati pa ma inverters a solar ndi zida zakunja (monga makina owunikira, makina owongolera grid, etc.). Njira zoyankhulirana zodziwika bwino zikuphatikizapo Modbus, RS485, CAN basi, Ethernet protocol, ndi zina zotero. Zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito ndi zipangizo zingafunikire njira zosiyanasiyana zoyankhulirana kuti zitheke kufalitsa deta. Mwachitsanzo, protocol ya Modbus imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi makina opangira magetsi adzuwa chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta komanso kugwirizanitsa mwamphamvu. Imathandizira ma media osiyanasiyana, monga RS232, RS485, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo imatha kuzindikira kuwerenga kwa data ndikuwongolera kutumiza pakati pa inverter ndi chipangizo chowunikira. Pa ndondomeko debugging, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kulankhulana protocol anatengera ndi inverter n'zogwirizana ndi chipangizo kunja ndi molondola sintha magawo protocol monga mlingo baud, pang'ono deta, kusiya pang'ono, etc. Kutenga RS485 kulankhulana monga chitsanzo, mlingo wa baud nthawi zambiri anapereka 9600 bps, pang'ono deta ndi 8 bits, ndi pang'ono kusiya ndi 1 pang'ono. Ngati ndondomeko yoyankhulirana sinakhazikitsidwe bwino, ikhoza kuyambitsa zolakwika zotumizira deta, kusokoneza kulankhulana ndi mavuto ena, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito zowunikira ndi kuyang'anira dongosolo.

5.2 Kutumiza kwa data
Kuthamanga kwa deta kumatsimikizira kuthamanga kwa kuyanjana kwa deta pakati pa inverter ndi zipangizo zakunja, zomwe zimakhudza nthawi yeniyeni ndi kuyankha kwa dongosolo loyang'anira. Mlingo wapamwamba wotumizira deta ukhoza kupeza deta yogwiritsira ntchito inverter mofulumira ndikuwona ndi kuthana ndi mavuto panthawi yake. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ntchito Efaneti protocol kulankhulana, mlingo kufala deta akhoza kufika 100 Mbps kapena apamwamba, amene mofulumira kufalitsa kuchuluka kwa deta, monga mphamvu zenizeni nthawi, voteji, panopa, kutentha ndi magawo ena a inverter, komanso mbiri deta mbiri. Kwa makina ogwiritsira ntchito RS485 kulankhulana, mlingo wotumizira deta nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa 9600 bps ndi 115200 bps. Pakuwongolera, ndikofunikira kusankha moyenera ndikuyika kuchuluka kwa kutumizira deta molingana ndi njira yeniyeni yolumikizirana ndi dongosolo. Ngati chiwerengero chotumizira deta chili chochepa kwambiri, chingayambitse kuchedwa kwa deta kuwonetsedwa ndi njira yowunikira ndikulephera kusonyeza momwe ntchito yosinthira inverter ikuyendera nthawi; pomwe kuchuluka kwa kutumizira kwa data kumatha kuyika zofunikira kwambiri pakuchita kwa mizere yolumikizirana ndi zida, kukulitsa mtengo wadongosolo komanso zovuta. Choncho, m'pofunika kusankha mlingo woyenera wopatsirana pansi pa ndondomeko yokwaniritsa zofunikira zowunikira, ndikutsimikizira kulondola ndi kukhazikika kwa kufalitsa deta kupyolera mu mayesero enieni.

5.3 Ntchito yowunikira
Ntchito yowunikira ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera ndikugwira ntchito kwa inverter ya solar. Itha kuyang'anira magawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito inverter mu nthawi yeniyeni, kuzindikira zovuta mu nthawi, ndi alamu ndikuzigwira. Ntchito yowunikira inverter nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni ya magawo ofunikira monga voteji athandizira, athandizira panopa, linanena bungwe voteji, linanena bungwe pafupipafupi, linanena bungwe mphamvu, kutembenuka dzuwa, mphamvu chinthu, harmonic okhutira, etc. Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo polojekiti akhoza kuona linanena bungwe mphamvu pamapindikira a inverter mu nthawi yeniyeni kumvetsa mphamvu yake m'badwo ntchito pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana kuunikira; kuyang'anira kusintha kwa magetsi olowera ndi amakono kuti muwone ngati momwe ntchito ya solar panel ikuyendera. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yowunikira iyeneranso kukhala ndi ntchito yojambulira deta, yomwe imatha kusunga mbiri yakale ya inverter kuti ithandizire kusanthula kotsatira ndikuzindikira zolakwika. Mwachitsanzo, lembani deta yopangira magetsi ya inverter munyengo zosiyanasiyana ndi nthawi, ndikuwunika momwe magwiridwe antchito amagwirira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali komanso kusintha kwamachitidwe adongosolo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, njira yowunikira iyenera kukhala ndi ntchito ya alamu. Pamene magawo kuyang'aniridwa kupyola mulingo wanthawi zonse, ikhoza kutulutsa mwachangu alamu yomveka komanso yowoneka bwino kapena kudziwitsa ogwira ntchito yokonza kudzera pa SMS, imelo, ndi zina. Pa ndondomeko debugging m`pofunika kuchita mayeso mwatsatanetsatane pa ntchito zonse za dongosolo polojekiti kuonetsetsa kuti akhoza molondola ndi modalirika mmene ntchito inverter ndi kuyankha zosiyanasiyana zachilendo mu nthawi yake, kuti apereke chitsimikiziro champhamvu kwa otetezeka ndi okhazikika ntchito dongosolo dzuwa magetsi.

6. Zosintha zachilengedwe zosinthika

6.1 Opaleshoni kutentha osiyanasiyana
The ntchito kutentha osiyanasiyanainverter ya dzuwandi gawo lofunikira lomwe silinganyalanyazidwe pakuwongolera. Pamene inverter ikugwira ntchito pa kutentha kosiyana, ntchito yake ndi kudalirika kwake kudzakhudzidwa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwa ma solar inverters kumakhala pakati pa -25 ℃ ndi + 60 ℃. Mwachitsanzo, ma inverter ena ochita bwino kwambiri amatha kukhalabe osinthika kwambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito okhazikika mkati mwa kutentha kwa -20 ℃ mpaka + 50 ℃. Pakukonza zolakwika, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti inverter imatha kugwira ntchito moyenera mkati mwa kutentha komwe kumayembekezeredwa malinga ndi kutentha kwa malo enieni oyika. Ngati kutentha kozungulira kumaposa kutentha kwa ntchito kwa inverter, ntchito ya zigawo zamkati za inverter ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kapena kuonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo otentha kwambiri, kusinthika kwa inverter kungachepe, ndipo moyo wa zipangizo zamagetsi zamkati udzafupikitsidwanso; m'malo otentha otsika, zigawo monga electrolytic capacitors zimatha kuzizira, zomwe zimakhudza kuyambika ndi kugwira ntchito kwa inverter. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyesa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha pa inverter kuti muwonetsetse kuti imatha kugwira ntchito modalirika pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha, ndikutenga njira zoziziritsira kutentha kapena zoyezera pakafunika.

6.2 Chinyezi Chosinthira Chinyezi
Kusinthasintha kwa chinyezi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kuziganizira mukakonza ma inverters a solar. Kutentha kwakukulu kungayambitse kusungunuka mkati mwa inverter, zomwe zingayambitse magetsi afupikitsa, kuwonongeka kwa ntchito zowonongeka ndi mavuto ena, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito yotetezeka ya inverter. Chinyezi chosinthika cha ma inverter a solar nthawi zambiri chimakhala 10% mpaka 90% RH (chinyezi chachibale) popanda condensation. Mwachitsanzo, m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena m'malo onyowa, chinyezi chikhoza kufika kupitirira 80%, zomwe zimafuna kuti inverter ikhale ndi chinyezi chabwino. Pakuwongolera, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ngati ntchito yosindikiza ndi miyeso yotsimikizira chinyezi ya inverter ili m'malo molingana ndi chinyezi cha malo enieni oyika. Ma inverters ena amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe apadera osindikizira ndi zokutira zoteteza chinyezi kuti ateteze bwino chinyezi kulowa mkati. Kuphatikiza apo, inverter imayenera kuyesedwa kuti igwirizane ndi chinyezi kuti iwonetsetse kuti imatha kugwirabe ntchito bwino pamalo omwe ali ndi chinyezi chambiri popanda kulephera kwamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, poyerekezera malo a chinyezi chambiri, onani ngati kukana kwa inverter kumakwaniritsa zofunikira komanso ngati dera lalifupi limachitika.

6.3 Mulingo wachitetezo
Mulingo wachitetezo ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kuyeza kuthekera kwachitetezo cha solar inverter motsutsana ndi zinthu zakunja zachilengedwe (monga fumbi, madzi, zinthu zakunja zolimba, ndi zina). Malingana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse, mlingo wa chitetezo nthawi zambiri umasonyezedwa ndi ma IP code, monga IP65, IP67, etc. Mwachitsanzo, IP65 imatanthauza kuti inverter imatha kuteteza fumbi kuti isalowe ndipo imatha kupirira majeti amadzi otsika kuchokera kumbali zonse; IP67 imatanthawuza kuti inverter imatha kuletsa fumbi kulowa ndipo imatha kumizidwa m'madzi kwakanthawi kochepa popanda kuwonongeka. Pakukonza zolakwika, ndikofunikira kusankha mulingo woyenera wachitetezo molingana ndi malo oyika komanso mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito inverter. Kwa ma inverters oikidwa panja, mulingo wapamwamba wachitetezo, monga IP65 kapena IP67, nthawi zambiri umafunika kuteteza fumbi, mvula, ndi zina zambiri kuti zisawononge zida. Kwa ma inverters omwe amaikidwa m'nyumba, chitetezo chikhoza kukhala chochepa, koma chiyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za fumbi ndi madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, mulingo wachitetezo cha inverter uyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti uwonetsetse kuti ukukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga. Mwachitsanzo, poyerekezera malo a fumbi ndi mayeso a jet yamadzi, zimawunikidwa ngati chitetezo cha inverter chikukwaniritsa miyezo yomwe ili mu code ya IP.

7. Chitetezo ndi chenjezo magawo

7.1 Insulation resistance
Kukana kwa insulation ndi gawo lofunikira pakuyezera magwiridwe antchito achitetezo chamagetsi a ma solar inverters. Imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kutchinjiriza pakati pa dera lamkati la inverter ndi magawo akunja a conductive, ndipo imatha kuteteza bwino kutayikira ndi ngozi zamagetsi. Nthawi zambiri, kukana kwa insulation ya ma solar inverters kuyenera kufika pamlingo wapamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi miyezo ya International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), kukana kwa inverter kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 1MΩ. Munjira yeniyeni yotumizira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito katswiri woyesa kukana kukana kuyesa inverter kuti muwonetsetse kuti kukana kwake kwachitetezo kumakwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo. Ngati kukana kwa insulation kuli kochepa kwambiri, kungayambitse kutayikira kwaposachedwa, komwe sikungochepetsa mphamvu ya inverter, komanso kungayambitse ngozi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zida. Mwachitsanzo, m’malo a chinyontho, kagwiridwe ka zinthu zosungunulirako kumatha kuwonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kukana kwa insulation. Chifukwa chake, pakutumidwa, chidwi chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pakusintha kwa kukana kwa insulation, ndipo njira zofananira ziyenera kuchitidwa, monga kulimbikitsa chithandizo chamankhwala kapena kukonza malo oyika, kuonetsetsa kuti inverter ikuyenda bwino.

7.2 Kutayikira panopa
Kutayikira kwaposachedwa kumatanthawuza zapano zomwe zimapangidwira pakati pa mayendedwe amkati a inverter ndi zida zakunja zoyendetsera chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito amtundu wanthawi zonse. Kukhalapo kwa kutayikira kwapano kungayambitse ngozi zazikulu monga kuwonongeka kwa zida, moto, ngakhale kugwedezeka kwamagetsi. Mukakonza inverter ya solar, kukula kwa kutayikira kwapano kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa. Malinga ndi miyezo yoyenera, kutulutsa kwamadzi kuyenera kuwongoleredwa m'malo otetezeka. Mwachitsanzo, kwa inverter wamba wapanyumba, kutayikira kwapano sikuyenera kupitilira 3.5mA. Panthawi yokonza zolakwika, inverter imayenera kuyang'aniridwa mu nthawi yeniyeni kudzera mu chipangizo chodzidzimutsa chamakono kuti chiwonetsetse kuti kutuluka kwake kumakwaniritsa miyezo ya chitetezo. Zikapezeka kuti mpweya wotuluka umaposa mtengo wotchulidwa, kusokoneza kuyenera kuyimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo, njira yotsekemera ya inverter iyenera kuyang'aniridwa, chifukwa cha kutayikira kuyenera kupezeka ndikukonzedwa. Kuonjezera apo, kuyang'ana nthawi zonse kwa kutayikira kwa madzi ndi njira yofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito yotetezeka yamagetsi a dzuwa, yomwe imatha kuzindikira zolakwika zomwe zingatheke panthawi yake ndikupewa ngozi.

7.3 Chenjezo Chizindikiro cha Kukhulupirika
Zizindikiro zochenjeza zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kotetezeka kwa ma inverters a dzuwa. Zizindikiro zonse zochenjeza zimatha kukumbutsa ogwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito yokonza kuti asamalire mbali zowopsa za zida, njira zodzitetezera komanso zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pachitetezo, potero kupewa ngozi. Pokonza inverter ya solar, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mosamala ngati zizindikiro zochenjeza pazidazo zatha, zomveka komanso zosavuta kuzizindikira. Mwachitsanzo, gawo lamphamvu kwambiri la inverter liyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro chodziwikiratu "champhamvu chamagetsi" chokumbutsa anthu kuti azitalikirana pogwira ntchito; payenera kukhala chizindikiro cha "chenjezo pa kutentha kwakukulu" pafupi ndi doko la kutentha kwa zipangizo kuti anthu asagwirizane ndi kupsa. Kuphatikiza apo, pazinthu zina zapadera zogwirira ntchito, monga malangizo achitetezo chotsutsana ndi zisumbu ndi zofunikira zoyambira, payeneranso kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochenjeza. Ngati chizindikiro chochenjeza chikapezeka kuti chikusowa kapena chawonongeka, chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa kapena kusinthidwa panthawi yake kuti zitsimikizire kuti zizindikiro zonse zikugwirizana ndi malamulo a chitetezo ndi kupereka machenjezo ofunikira ndi chitsogozo cha kayendetsedwe kabwino ka zipangizo.