Kuyesa kogwirizana kwa ma inverters a solar: kufananiza ndi ma module osiyanasiyana a photovoltaic

Kuyesa kogwirizana kwa ma inverters a solar: kufananiza ndi ma module osiyanasiyana a photovoltaic

1. Chidule cha mayeso ogwirizana a ma inverters a dzuwa ndi ma module a photovoltaic

1.1 Cholinga ndi kufunikira kwa mayeso
Kuyesa kogwirizana kwama inverters a dzuwandi ma modules a photovoltaic ndi ofunikira kuti atsimikizire kugwira ntchito kosasunthika komanso mphamvu zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi. Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha msika wamagetsi a dzuwa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zitsanzo za photovoltaic modules ndi inverters zawonekera pamsika, ndipo nkhani zogwirizanitsa pakati pawo zakhala zikudziwika kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoyenera, pafupifupi 30% ya zolephera zopangira mphamvu za dzuwa zimayamba chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pakati pa ma module a photovoltaic ndi inverters. Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa kufananiza kumatha kuchepetsa kulephera kwadongosolo, kukonza mphamvu zamagetsi, kukulitsa moyo wautumiki wadongosolo, ndikupereka chitsimikizo cha magwiridwe antchito odalirika amagetsi opangira magetsi adzuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyezetsa kufananiza kungaperekenso kalozera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti asankhe ma module oyenerera a photovoltaic ndi ma inverters, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chabwino chamakampani amagetsi adzuwa.
1.2 Miyezo yoyesera ndi mafotokozedwe
Pakalipano, mndandanda wa miyezo ndi ndondomeko zoyezetsa kuyanjana kwa ma inverters a dzuwa ndi ma photovoltaic modules apangidwa padziko lonse lapansi komanso m'mayiko. Muyezo wa IEC 62109 wa International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) umatchula zofunikira zachitetezo cha ma module a photovoltaic ndi ma inverters, omwe amaphatikizanso zofunikira pakuyesa kufananiza. Muyezo umafuna kuti ma modules a photovoltaic ndi ma inverters agwirizane wina ndi mzake malinga ndi magawo a magetsi, kugwirizana kwa makina, kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe, ndi zina zotero kuti zitsimikizire kuti dongosololi likuyenda bwino. Ku China, miyezo monga GB/T 37408-2019 "Zofunika Zaukadaulo za Photovoltaic Grid-connected Inverters" ndi GB/T 39510-2020 "Technical Requirements for Photovoltaic Modules" zimayikanso patsogolo zofunikira zomveka zoyesa kugwirizanitsa. Miyezo ndi mafotokozedwewa amapereka njira zoyeserera zofananira ndi zowunikira zoyeserera zoyeserera za ma solar inverters ndi ma module a photovoltaic, kuwonetsetsa kulondola komanso kudalirika kwa zotsatira za mayeso. Mwachitsanzo, potengera magawo amagetsi ofananirako, muyezo umafunikira kuti kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamagetsi amtundu wa ma photovoltaic ma module akuyenera kufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa voliyumu ya inverter, ndipo kupatuka kwake sikuyenera kupitilira 5% kuwonetsetsa kuti inverter imatha kugwira ntchito moyenera ndikukwaniritsa kutsata kwamphamvu kwambiri.

2. Mayeso ofananira ndi parameter yamagetsi
2.1 Mayeso ofananira ndi Voltage
Kufananiza kwamagetsi ndi cholumikizira chofunikira pakuyesa kogwirizana kwa ma inverters a solar ndi ma module a photovoltaic. Malinga ndi muyezo wa GB/T 37408-2019, kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamagetsi kwa ma module a photovoltaic kuyenera kufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa voliyumu ya inverter, ndipo kupatuka kwake sikuyenera kupitilira 5%. Pakuyesa kwenikweni, gulu lofufuza lidayesa mayeso ofananira ma voltage pamitundu 10 ndi mitundu ya ma module a photovoltaic ndi ma inverter 5 omwe amawonedwa nthawi zambiri pamsika. Zotsatira zoyeserera zidawonetsa kuti 30% ya zophatikizikazo zinali ndi zopotoka zamagetsi kupitilira mulingo woyenera. Mwachitsanzo, pazipita mphamvu mfundo voteji ya mtundu wina wa gawo photovoltaic ndi 35V, pamene athandizira voteji osiyanasiyana inverter kuyesedwa ndi 30V-33V, ndi kupatuka voteji kufika 18.18%, amene ali kutali ndi zofunika muyezo, kuchititsa inverter kulephera ntchito bwino ndipo sangathe kukwaniritsa pazipita mphamvu mfundo m'badwo Mwachangu, kuchepetsa pafupifupi 20 mphamvu m'badwo. Pamene voteji yofananira bwino chikufanana, monga kupatuka voteji ya seti ina ya ma modules photovoltaic ndi inverter ndi 2% yokha, ndi inverter akhoza kugwira ntchito stably ndi mphamvu m'badwo Mwachangu afika mulingo woyenera kwambiri boma, amene bwino zikusonyeza kufunika kwa voteji mafananidwe mayeso kuonetsetsa ntchito imayenera ya kachitidwe dzuwa magetsi.
2.2 Mayeso ofananira apano
Kufananitsa kwamakono kumakhalanso ndi mphamvu yofunikira pa machitidwe opangira magetsi a dzuwa. Malinga ndi miyezo yoyenera, gulu loyesera lidayesa mwatsatanetsatane pakufananiza kwapano kwa ma module osiyanasiyana a photovoltaic ndi ma inverters. Mwa kuphatikiza 20 komwe kuyesedwa, 25% ya zophatikizazo zidapezeka kuti zili ndi zovuta zosagwirizana. Mwachindunji, kutulutsa kwaposachedwa kwa ma module ena a photovoltaic pamlingo wokulirapo wamagetsi kumapitilira kuchuluka kwa zomwe zidavoteredwa pakalipano za inverter. Kutengera mayeso amtundu mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yaposachedwa ya module ya photovoltaic ndi 10A, pomwe ma inverter omwe adavoteledwa ndi 8A. Zomwe zilipo kupitirira malire zidzachititsa kuti inverter iwonongeke, zomwe sizidzangokhudza mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso kuchepetsa moyo wautumiki wa inverter. Pambuyo pakuwunika kwakanthawi kophatikizana ndi mafananidwe abwino apano, kulephera kwa dongosolo lake lopangira mphamvu mkati mwa chaka chimodzi ndi 1% yokha, pomwe kulephera kwa kuphatikiza kosagwirizana ndi komweku kumakwera mpaka 15%, zomwe zikuwonetsa gawo lofunikira la mayeso ofananira omwe alipo pakuchepetsa kulephera kwa dongosolo ndikuwongolera kudalirika kwadongosolo.
2.3 Mayeso ofananitsa mphamvu
Kuyesa kofananira ndi mphamvu ndi chizindikiro chokwanira chowunika momwe ma inverters a dzuwa ndi ma module a photovoltaic akuyendera. Gulu lofufuza lidasanthula mphamvu yofananira ndi kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana poyesa molondola mphamvu yotulutsa pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yowunikira. Mwa kuphatikiza 30 koyesedwa, 40% ya zophatikizika zinali ndi mphamvu yofananira. Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa kuwala kwina, mphamvu yotulutsa gawo la photovoltaic ndi 300W, pamene inverter yofanana nayo imatha kusintha bwino mphamvu ya 250W, ndipo mphamvu yotsala ya 50W singagwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi iwonongeke pafupifupi 16.67%. Pambuyo pakuwunika kwanthawi yayitali kuphatikizika kwa magetsi ophatikizika ndi mafananidwe abwino amagetsi, mphamvu zake zopangira mphamvu zimakhala pafupifupi 15% kuposa zomwe zimaphatikizidwira ndi mphamvu zosagwirizana, ndipo zimatha kukhalabe ndi magwiridwe antchito okhazikika pansi pa nyengo zosiyanasiyana komanso kuunika. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kuyesa kofananira ndi mphamvu ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito onse amagetsi opangira magetsi adzuwa ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

3. Mayeso a synergy
3.1 Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwambiri kotsata ma synergy
Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) ndi ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri wowongolera mphamvu zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi m'makina opangira magetsi adzuwa, ndipo magwiridwe ake a synergy ndi ofunikira pakusintha mphamvu kwa dongosolo lonselo. Gulu lofufuzalo lidachita mayeso opitilira mphamvu kwambiri pakutsata ma synergy pama module a photovoltaic ndi kuphatikiza ma inverter amitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zoyesa zikuwonetsa kuti pakati pa mayeso 50 ophatikiza, magulu 15 (owerengera 30%) ali ndi kusachita bwino kwa mgwirizano ndipo sangathe kukwaniritsa kutsata kwamphamvu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pazipita mphamvu voteji voteji ndi panopa mtundu wina wa photovoltaic ma modules adzasintha pansi pa mphamvu zosiyana kuwala, ndi inverter zikufanana ndi izo amalephera kutsatira zosintha pa nthawi yake ndi zolondola, kuchititsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu kupanga mphamvu pafupifupi 10%. M'malo mwake, kuphatikiza ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino a synergy kumatha kutsata mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri munthawi yeniyeni, ndipo mphamvu yake yopangira mphamvu imatha kufika kupitilira 95% pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yowunikira, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kuyesa kwamphamvu kwambiri pakutsata mgwirizano kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu yamagetsi adzuwa.
3.2 Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa synergy
Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa synergy kumafuna kuyesa magwiridwe antchito onse a ma module a photovoltaic ndi ma inverters munjira yosinthira mphamvu. Poyerekeza mphamvu zopangira mphamvu zophatikizira zosiyanasiyana pansi pamikhalidwe yowunikira yofananira, gulu lofufuza lidapeza kuti mphamvu yopangira mphamvu yophatikizira ndikuchita bwino kwambiri ndi pafupifupi 20% kuposa ya kuphatikiza ndi kutsika kwamphamvu kwa synergy pafupifupi. Pakati pa mitundu 40 yoyesedwa, magulu a 10 (owerengera 25%) ali ndi vuto losakwanira bwino la synergy, makamaka chifukwa magawo a magetsi pakati pa ma module a photovoltaic ndi inverter sagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zambiri ziwonongeke panthawi yotumizira ndi kutembenuka. Mwachitsanzo, zotsatira za mayeso a synergy a gulu la ma photovoltaic modules ndi inverters zimasonyeza kuti mphamvu zawo zotembenuza mphamvu ndizo 75% zokha, pamene zosakaniza zina ndi ntchito zabwino za synergy zimatha kufika kuposa 90%. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa synergy kumatha kuzindikira bwino kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito pakati pa zophatikizira zosiyanasiyana, ndikupereka chidziwitso chofunikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti asankhe ma module a PV ogwirizana komanso ophatikizika a inverter.
3.3 Mayeso okhazikika a synergy
Stability synergy test ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito amagetsi adzuwa panthawi yogwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali. Gulu lofufuzalo lidachita mayeso okhazikika achaka chimodzi pazophatikizira zosiyanasiyana kuti awonere kusintha kwawo kwanyengo munyengo zosiyanasiyana komanso momwe chilengedwe chikuyendera. Zotsatira zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti pakati pa zoyesa 60 zophatikiza, magulu 20 (owerengera 33.3%) ali ndi kusakhazikika bwino kwa mgwirizano, makamaka kuwonetseredwa kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa mphamvu yopangira mphamvu komanso kulephera kwakukulu. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yopanga mphamvu ya gulu la PV modules ndi inverters inatsika ndi 15% pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu m'chilimwe, ndipo inatsika ndi 10% pansi pa kutentha kochepa m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo kulephera kwa 3 kunachitika mkati mwa chaka. Kuphatikizana ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa mgwirizano kumakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakung'ono pakupanga mphamvu zamagetsi komanso kulephera kwa 1% -2% kokha panyengo zosiyanasiyana komanso nyengo zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kuyesa kwa mgwirizano kukhazikika ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali kwa machitidwe opangira magetsi adzuwa.

4. Kuyesa kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe
4.1 Kuyesa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha
Kutentha ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha chilengedwe chomwe chimakhudza kugwirizana kwa ma inverters a dzuwa ndi ma modules a photovoltaic. Gulu lofufuzira lidayesa kuyesa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha pazophatikizira ma module a photovoltaic ndi ma inverters amitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zoyesa zikuwonetsa kuti kutentha kwa -20 ℃ mpaka 50 ℃, 20% ya zosakaniza sizingayambe mwachizolowezi pansi pa kutentha kochepa. Chifukwa chachikulu ndikuti magwiridwe antchito amagetsi a inverter amawononga kutentha pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asagwire ntchito ndi ma module a photovoltaic. Mwachitsanzo, pa -15 ℃, magetsi oyambira a mtundu wina wa inverter amawonjezeka ndipo sangafanane ndi mphamvu yaikulu yamagetsi a photovoltaic module, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makinawo asagwire ntchito bwino. Pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu, 15% ya zosakaniza zimakhala ndi chitetezo chotenthetsera, zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu yopanga mphamvu. Pambuyo pakuwunika kwakanthawi kophatikizana ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, mphamvu zake zopangira mphamvu pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana za kutentha zimasinthasintha ndi 5% yokha, pomwe mphamvu yopanga mphamvu yophatikizira ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha imasinthasintha mpaka 20%, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kuyezetsa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kugwira ntchito kokhazikika komanso kutulutsa mphamvu kwamphamvu kwamagetsi adzuwa pansi pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za kutentha.
4.2 Kuyesa kusinthasintha kwa chinyezi
Chinyezi chimakhudzanso kwambiri kugwirizana kwa ma inverters a dzuwa ndi ma modules a photovoltaic. Gulu lofufuzalo lidayesa kusinthasintha kwa chinyezi pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chinyezi cha 20% mpaka 90%. Zotsatira zoyeserera zidawonetsa kuti 25% ya zophatikizazo zinali ndi zovuta monga kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito komanso kutayikira pansi pa chinyezi chambiri. Chifukwa chachikulu chinali chakuti ntchito yosindikiza ya photovoltaic modules ndi inverters inali yosakwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawo zamkati zikhale zonyowa. Mwachitsanzo, kukana kutchinjiriza kwa mtundu wina wa ma module a photovoltaic kunatsika ndi 30% pa 80% chinyezi wachibale, kuonjezera chiopsezo cha kutayikira komanso kukhudza magwiridwe antchito adongosolo. Kulephera kwa kuphatikiza ndi kusinthika kwabwino kwa chinyezi pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyana ya chinyezi kunali 2% yokha, ndipo mphamvu yopanga magetsi sikunakhudzidwe. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kuyezetsa kusinthasintha kwa chinyezi kumatha kuzindikira bwino kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana m'malo achinyezi, ndikupereka chitsimikizo cha magwiridwe antchito odalirika amagetsi opangira magetsi adzuwa m'malo osiyanasiyana achinyezi.
4.3 Kuyesa kusinthasintha kwa Altitude
Kutalika kumakhalanso ndi zotsatira zofunikira pakugwirizana kwa ma inverters a dzuwa ndi ma modules a photovoltaic. Gulu lofufuzalo lidayesa kusinthasintha kwa kutalika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya 0 metres mpaka 3000 metres kumtunda kwa nyanja. Zotsatira zoyesa zikuwonetsa kuti mtunda ukukwera, 30% ya zophatikizikazo zimakhala ndi zovuta monga kusakwanira kwamagetsi komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu kwamagetsi. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi chakuti mpweya ndi wochepa kwambiri m'madera okwera kwambiri, ndipo kutsekemera ndi kutentha kwa zipangizo zamagetsi kumawonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mtundu wina wa inverter uli pamtunda wa mamita 2,500, chilolezo chake chamagetsi sichikwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke, zomwe zimakhudza kugwira ntchito kwadongosolo. Komabe, kuphatikiza ndi kusinthika kwabwino kwa mtunda kumasunga mphamvu yokhazikika yopangira mphamvu komanso kulephera kwamphamvu pamtunda wosiyanasiyana, ndi kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya 3% yokha komanso kulephera kochepera 1%. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kuyezetsa kusinthasintha kwa kutalika kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yotetezeka komanso kutulutsa mphamvu kwamphamvu kwamagetsi adzuwa m'malo osiyanasiyana okwera.

5. Zolakwika mode ndi chitetezo ntchito mayeso
5.1 Kuyesa kolakwika
Kuyesa kolakwika ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwunika kudalirika kwa inverter ya solar ndi kuphatikiza kwa module ya photovoltaic. Gulu lofufuzalo lidayesa mayeso amtundu wa zolakwika pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya ma module a photovoltaic ndi kuphatikiza kwa inverter komwe kumawoneka pamsika. Mwa kuphatikiza 100 koyesedwa, njira zotsatirazi zodziwika bwino zidapezeka:
Kulakwitsa kochulukira: Mu 20% ya zophatikizira, pomwe inverter imagwira ntchito mopitilira mphamvu yovotera, chitetezo cha inverter overload chimayatsidwa ndipo sichingagwire ntchito bwino. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mphamvu ya kuwala kwa gulu lina la ma modules a photovoltaic akuwonjezeka mwadzidzidzi, mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu imaposa 15% ya mphamvu yovotera ya inverter, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha inverter chiyambe, dongosololo lisiye kuthamanga, komanso kukhudza mphamvu yamagetsi.
Kulakwitsa kwapang'onopang'ono: Pakuyesa koyeserera kwafupipafupi, 15% ya zophatikizidwira zimakhala ndi chitetezo chanthawi yayitali. Pamene dera lalifupi limapezeka mu gawo la photovoltaic, ma inverters ena amalephera kudula dera mkati mwa nthawi yodziwika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, pamayeso afupikitsa amtundu wina wa inverter, nthawi yoyankha yoteteza dera yaying'ono imaposa zomwe zimafunikira masekondi 0.1, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa zida zamkati, ndipo mtengo wokonzanso ndi wokwera mpaka 30% yamtengo woyambirira wa zida.
Kutentha kwakukulu: M'malo otentha kwambiri, 25% ya zophatikizika zimakhala ndi chitetezo chambiri. Kutentha kozungulira kwa ma inverters ena kupitilira 45 ℃, makina ozizirira sangathe kugwira ntchito bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa zida kumakhala kokwera kwambiri komanso chitetezo chodziletsa. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wina wa inverter umatseka chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mkati kupitilira 70 ℃ mutathamanga mosalekeza kwa maola a 2 m'malo otentha kwambiri m'chilimwe, zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu yakutulutsa mphamvu kwadongosolo.
Kulakwitsa kwa kusinthasintha kwa magawo amagetsi: Pakuyesa kwamagetsi ndi kusinthasintha kwapano, 30% ya zophatikizikazo zimakhala ndi zolakwika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa magawo amagetsi. Pamene mphamvu ya kuwala kwa ma modules ena a photovoltaic imasintha, mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ndi yamakono imasinthasintha kwambiri, yomwe imapitirira kusinthasintha kwa inverter, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti inverter isagwire ntchito bwino. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya kuwala kwa gulu la ma photovoltaic modules ikatsika kuchoka pa 1000W/m² kufika pa 500W/m², mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu imatsika ndi 20%, zomwe zimachititsa kuti inverter isathe kutsata potsata mphamvu yamagetsi komanso mphamvu yopangira magetsi imachepetsedwa pafupifupi 30%.
5.2 Kuyesa ntchito yachitetezo
Kuyesedwa kwa ntchito yachitetezo kumapangidwa kuti kutsimikizire kuthekera kodzitchinjiriza kwa solar inverter ndi ma module a photovoltaic pansi pazovuta zosiyanasiyana kuti zitsimikizire kuti dongosololi likuyenda bwino. Gulu lofufuzalo lidayesa mwatsatanetsatane zachitetezo chamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi izi:
Ntchito yoteteza katundu wochulukirachulukira: Pakuyesa mochulukira, 85% ya zophatikizidwira zidatha kuyambitsa ntchito yoteteza katundu munthawi yake, kudula dera, ndikuteteza zida kuti zisawonongeke. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yotulutsa ya mtundu wina wa inverter ikapitilira 20% ya mphamvu yovotera, imatha kuyambitsa chitetezo chochulukirapo mkati mwa masekondi 0,05, kudula dera, ndikuteteza zida.
Ntchito yoteteza dera lalifupi: Pakuyesa kwafupipafupi, 90% ya zophatikizirazo zidatha kuyambitsa ntchito yoteteza dera lalifupi mkati mwa nthawi yodziwika. Mwachitsanzo, pakadutsa dera lalifupi, mtundu wina wa inverter ukhoza kudula dera mkati mwa masekondi 0,08, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zida ndikuteteza chitetezo chadongosolo.
Ntchito yoteteza kutentha kwambiri: Pakuyesa kutentha kwakukulu, 95% ya zophatikizidwira zidatha kuyambitsa ntchito yoteteza kutentha kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa mkati mwa mtundu wina wa inverter kukafika pa 65 ℃, kuzizira kumangoyambika. Ngati kutentha kupitilira kukwera mpaka 70 ℃, imatseka yokha kuti itetezedwe, ndikuteteza zida kuti zisaonongeke ndi kutenthedwa.
Ntchito yoteteza kusinthasintha kwamagetsi pamagetsi: Pakuyesa kwamagetsi ndi kusinthasintha kwapano, 70% ya zophatikizikazo zidatha kuyambitsa ntchito yoteteza kusinthasintha kwamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ya gulu lina la ma photovoltaic modules imatsika ndi 15%, inverter imatha kusintha njira yogwirira ntchito kuti ikhale yogwira ntchito komanso kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu zamagetsi sizikukhudzidwa.
Ntchito yachitetezo cha insulation: Pakuyesa kwa chinyezi ndi kutalika, 80% ya zophatikizika zimatha kuyambitsa ntchito yoteteza. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo otentha kwambiri, pamene kukana kwamtundu wina wa ma modules a photovoltaic ndi ma inverters kumatsika mpaka 80% yamtengo wapatali, zipangizozi zimatha kuyambitsa chitetezo chotchinjiriza, kudula dera, ndikupewa ngozi zowonongeka.
Ntchito yoteteza pansi: Pakuyesa kwa zolakwika zoyambira, 90% ya zophatikizika zimatha kuyambitsa ntchito yoteteza pansi munthawi yake. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wina wa inverter ukazindikira vuto lokhazikika, ukhoza kudula dera mkati mwa masekondi 0.1, kuonetsetsa chitetezo chadongosolo.

6. Kuwunika kwa mayeso ofananiza amitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana

6.1 Mlandu wofananira ndi mtundu wapakhomo
Msika wamagetsi wapanyumba ukuyenda mwachangu, ndipo mitundu yambiri yapakhomo imapezeka nthawi zonse m'magawo a photovoltaic modules ndi inverters. Pofananiza mayeso azinthu zamtundu wina wodziwika bwino wapakhomo, zitha kupereka chidziwitso chofunikira pakumanga machitidwe opangira magetsi adzuwa.
Brand A photovoltaic modules ndi brand B inverters: Brand A photovoltaic modules ali ndi gawo lalikulu la msika pamsika wapakhomo, ndipo zogulitsa zake zimadziwika chifukwa chapamwamba komanso kukhazikika. Ma inverters a Brand B amadziwika ndi msika chifukwa chaukadaulo wawo wapamwamba komanso kufananirana kwabwino. Pakuyesaku, kuphatikizaku kudachita bwino pakufananiza kwamagetsi, ndikupatuka kwa 1% yokha, ndipo kufananitsa komweku kunalinso koyenera. Kulowetsedwa kwaposachedwa kwa inverter kumatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakali pano za ma module a photovoltaic. Pakuyesa kofananira ndi mphamvu, mphamvu yopanga mphamvu yophatikizira imatha kufika kupitilira 90% pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yowunikira, kuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino a synergy. Pamayeso amphamvu kwambiri otsata ma synergy, inverter imatha kutsata mwachangu komanso molondola mphamvu yayikulu ya module ya photovoltaic, ndipo mphamvu yopangira mphamvu imatha kusungidwa kuposa 95% ngakhale kuwala kwamphamvu kumasintha mwachangu. Poyesa kusinthika kwa chilengedwe, kuphatikiza kumatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika pa kutentha kwa -10 ℃ mpaka 45 ℃, chinyezi chapakati pa 30% mpaka 80%, ndi kutalika kwa 0 metres mpaka 2000 metres, ndi kusinthasintha kwakung'ono kwamagetsi opanga mphamvu komanso kulephera kwa 1% yokha. Munjira yolakwika ndi kuyesa ntchito yachitetezo, chitetezo chochulukirachulukira, chitetezo chachifupi, chitetezo cha kutentha kwambiri ndi ntchito zina zophatikizira zitha kuyambitsidwa munthawi yake kuti ziteteze bwino zida kuti zisawonongeke. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza kwamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wa A photovoltaic modules ndi ma inverters amtundu wa B ali ndi kugwirizana kwakukulu komanso kudalirika, ndipo amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za mphamvu ya dzuwa m'madera ambiri a dziko.
Ma module a photovoltaic a Brand C ndi ma inverters a mtundu wa D: Ma module a photovoltaic a Brand C amakondedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ku China chifukwa cha mtengo wawo wokwera komanso ntchito yabwino yogulitsa pambuyo pogulitsa. Ma inverters a Brand D amayang'ana kwambiri luso laukadaulo komanso kasamalidwe kanzeru. M'mayeso, kuphatikiza kunali ndi zovuta zina pakufananitsa voteji, ndipo kupatuka kwa voteji kunafika 3%. Ngakhale zili mkati mwanthawi zonse, zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zake pakupanga mphamvu. M'mayesero ofananitsa omwe alipo, kuyika kwaposachedwa kwa inverter kumakhala kotsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mphamvu yayikulu yomwe ilipo pakalipano ya gawo la photovoltaic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti inverter ikhale yodzaza ndi kuwala kwakukulu, ndipo mphamvu yopangira magetsi imachepetsedwa pafupifupi 5%. Mu mayeso ofananira mphamvu, mphamvu yopangira mphamvu yophatikizira imasinthasintha kwambiri pansi pamikhalidwe yowala yosiyana, ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yapakati pa 85%, yomwe ili yotsika kuposa kuphatikiza kwa mtundu A ndi mtundu wa B. Pakuyesa kotsatana kophatikizana kwamphamvu, kuthamanga kwa inverter kumatsika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu imatsika pafupifupi 10% pomwe kuwala kwamphamvu kumasintha kwambiri. Poyesa kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe, kuphatikiza kumayamba pang'onopang'ono pansi pa kutentha kochepa, kutentha kwa kutentha kumafunika kukonzedwanso pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu, mphamvu zopangira magetsi zimasinthasintha kwambiri, ndipo kulephera kumakhala pafupifupi 3%. Munjira yolakwika ndi kuyesa ntchito yoteteza, chitetezo chochulukira komanso ntchito zazifupi zachitetezo chophatikizira zimatha kuyamba nthawi zonse, koma ntchito yoteteza kutentha kwambiri imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yoyankha pansi pa kutentha kwambiri, komwe kumatha kukhala ndi vuto linalake pa moyo wautumiki wa zida. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza ma module amtundu wa C photovoltaic ndi ma inverters amtundu wa D akuyenera kukonzedwanso muzinthu zina kuti apititse patsogolo kugwirizana kwawo komanso kudalirika.
6.2 Mlandu wa mayeso ophatikiza mtundu wapadziko lonse lapansi
Mitundu yapadziko lonse lapansi ili ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso zokumana nazo zambiri pagawo la ma module a photovoltaic ndi ma inverters, ndipo zogulitsa zawo zimakhala ndi mbiri yayikulu komanso gawo la msika pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuyesa kophatikizana kwazinthu zamtundu wapadziko lonse lapansi kungapereke chiwongolero cha ntchito zapamwamba komanso chitukuko chapadziko lonse lapansi chamagetsi opangira mphamvu ya dzuwa.
Brand E photovoltaic modules ndi brand F inverter kuphatikiza: Brand E photovoltaic modules ndi otchuka chifukwa chapamwamba kwambiri komanso kudalirika kwakukulu pamsika wapadziko lonse. Zogulitsa zake zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira zapamwamba komanso zida ndipo zimakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki. Inverter ya mtundu F imadziwika ndi ogwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chakuchita bwino komanso ukadaulo wowongolera mwanzeru. Pakuyesaku, kuphatikizaku kudachita bwino pakufananiza kwamagetsi, ndikupatuka kwa 0.5% yokha komanso kufananitsa kwapano. Kulowetsedwa kwaposachedwa kwa inverter kumatha kukwaniritsa mokwanira mphamvu yayikulu yomwe ikufunika pakali pano ya gawo la photovoltaic. Pakuyesa kofananira ndi mphamvu, mphamvu yopanga mphamvu yophatikizira imatha kufika kupitilira 92% pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yowunikira, kuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri. Pakuyesa kwamphamvu kwambiri pakutsata ma synergy test, inverter imatha kutsata molondola mphamvu yayikulu ya module ya photovoltaic munthawi yeniyeni, ndipo mphamvu yopangira mphamvu imatha kusungidwa kuposa 96% ngakhale pansi pazovuta zowunikira. Poyesa kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe, kuphatikiza kumatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika pa kutentha kwa -25 ℃ mpaka 55 ℃, chinyezi chapakati pa 20% mpaka 95%, ndi kutalika kwa 0m mpaka 3500m, ndikusinthasintha pang'ono pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi komanso kulephera kwa 0.5% yokha. Munjira yolakwika ndi kuyesa ntchito yachitetezo, ntchito zonse zotetezedwa zophatikizira zitha kuyambitsidwa munthawi yochepa kwambiri, kuteteza zida kuti zisawonongeke. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza kwamitundu yapadziko lonse lapansi ma module a photovoltaic amtundu wa E ndi ma inverters amtundu wa F ali ogwirizana kwambiri komanso odalirika, amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagetsi adzuwa m'malo osiyanasiyana ovuta, ndipo ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri chamagetsi opangira magetsi adzuwa.
Ma module a photovoltaic a Brand G ndi ma inverters a mtundu wa H: Ma module a photovoltaic a Brand G akopa chidwi cha ogwiritsa ntchito pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi ndiukadaulo waukadaulo komanso magwiridwe antchito okwera mtengo. Ma inverters a Brand H amayang'ana kukhazikika kwazinthu komanso kulimba. Pakuyesaku, kuphatikizaku kudachita bwino pakufananiza voteji, ndikupatuka kwa 2%, komwe kuli mkati mwanthawi zonse. M'mayesero amakono ofananirako, kulowetsedwa kwaposachedwa kwa inverter kumafanana ndi mphamvu yayikulu yaposachedwa ya module ya photovoltaic, koma pansi pa mikhalidwe yowala kwambiri, inverter ikhoza kulemedwa pang'ono, ndipo mphamvu yopangira mphamvu imachepetsedwa pafupifupi 3%. Pakuyesa kofananira ndi mphamvu, mphamvu yopangira mphamvu yophatikizira ndi 88% pafupifupi pansi pa kuwala kosiyanasiyana, kutsika pang'ono kuposa kuphatikiza kwa mtundu E ndi mtundu F, koma imakhala yokhazikika pansi pa kuyanika kwapakati. Pakuyesa kophatikizana kwamphamvu pakutsata kwamphamvu, kutsata kwa inverter kumakhala kokhazikika, ndipo mphamvu yopangira magetsi imachepa pafupifupi 5% pomwe kuwala kwamphamvu kumasintha. Pakuyesa kusinthika kwa chilengedwe, kuphatikizaku kudayamba nthawi zambiri kutentha kwapansi, koma kutentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi chambiri, mphamvu yopangira magetsi idasinthasintha kwambiri, ndipo kulephera kunali pafupifupi 2%. Munjira yolakwika ndi kuyesa ntchito yachitetezo, chitetezo chochulukirachulukira komanso chitetezo chanthawi yayitali chophatikizira chimatha kuyambika munthawi yake, koma ntchito yoteteza kutentha kwambiri imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yoyankha pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso chinyezi chambiri, zomwe zitha kukhala ndi vuto linalake pakukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali kwa zida. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza kwa mtundu wa G photovoltaic modules ndi ma inverters amtundu wa H ndizoyenera pakuchita konse, koma kukhathamiritsa kwina kumafunika m'malo ovuta kwambiri kuti zigwirizane ndi kudalirika kwawo.

7. Kuwunika zotsatira za mayeso ndi malingaliro okhathamiritsa
7.1 Zizindikiro zowunika zotsatira za mayeso
Kuti muwunikire mwatsatanetsatane zotsatira za mayeso ogwirizana a kuphatikiza ma inverter a solar ndi ma photovoltaic module, gulu lofufuza lidaganizira mozama momwe amagwirira ntchito kuchokera kuzizindikiro zingapo zazikulu:
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopangira mphamvu: kuyesedwa poyerekezera chiŵerengero cha mphamvu zenizeni zopangira mphamvu ndi mphamvu zongoyerekeza zopangira mphamvu zophatikizika zosiyanasiyana pansi pa kuyatsa komweko. Zotsatira zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yopangira mphamvu kumatha kufika 96%, pomwe otsika kwambiri ndi 75% yokha, ndipo pafupifupi mphamvu yakutulutsa mphamvu ndi 87%. Chizindikirochi chikuwonetseratu mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu pamene ma modules a photovoltaic ndi ma inverters amagwira ntchito limodzi, ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu zowunikira machitidwe a dongosolo.
Mlingo wolephera: Chiŵerengero cha chiwerengero cha zolephera mu kuphatikiza kulikonse panthawi yoyesera mpaka nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito imawerengedwa. Kuyesedwa kwa mayeso ndi chaka chimodzi, ndipo zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza ndi kulephera kochepa kwambiri ndi 0.5% yokha, pomwe apamwamba kwambiri ndi 15%. Kulephera kwapang'ono kumatanthauza kuti dongosololi ndi lokhazikika komanso lodalirika pakugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchepetsa ndalama zosamalira komanso kuchepetsa nthawi.
Kufananiza kwa parameter yamagetsi: kuphatikiza kupatuka kwamagetsi, kufananitsa kwapano, ndi kufananitsa mphamvu. Kuphatikizika kwapang'onopang'ono kocheperako ndi 0,5% yokha, pomwe yayikulu ndi 18,18%; malinga ndi kufanana kwapano, zophatikizika zina zimapitilira kuchuluka kwa inverter, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi zambiri; Kutayika kwa mphamvu zopangira mphamvu zophatikizira ndi kusafananitsa mphamvu kumatha kufika 16.67%. Kufananiza kwamagetsi kwamagetsi ndiko maziko owonetsetsa kuti dongosololi likuyenda bwino komanso lokhazikika.
Kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe: Unikani kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a kuphatikiza kulikonse pansi pa kutentha kosiyana, chinyezi ndi kukwera. Mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya kuphatikiza ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kumasinthasintha ndi 5% yokha mumtundu wa -20 ℃ mpaka 50 ℃, pamene kusinthasintha kwa kuphatikiza kosauka kumatha kufika 20%; kulephera kwa kuphatikizika ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino kwa chinyezi kumangokhala 2% mumtundu wa chinyezi wa 20% mpaka 90%, ndipo mphamvu yopangira mphamvu sikukhudzidwa; mphamvu yopangira mphamvu yophatikizira ndi kusinthasintha kwapamwamba kumasinthasintha ndi 3% yokha mumtunda wa 0 metres mpaka 3000 metres pamwamba pa nyanja, ndipo kulephera kwake ndi kosakwana 1%. Kusinthika kwabwino kwa chilengedwe kumathandizira makina opanga magetsi adzuwa kuti azigwira ntchito mokhazikika pansi pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamalo komanso nyengo.
Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) synergy performance: imayesa luso la inverter kuti liziyang'anira kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa ma module a photovoltaic. Zotsatira zoyesa zikuwonetsa kuti mphamvu yopangira mphamvu yophatikizira ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri amatha kufikira 95% pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yowunikira, pomwe mphamvu yopanga mphamvu ya kuphatikiza kosauka imachepetsedwa ndi 10%. Kuchita bwino kwa MPPT kumatha kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotulutsa ma module a photovoltaic ndikuwongolera mphamvu zonse zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi.
7.2 Malingaliro okhathamiritsa
Kutengera zotsatira za zowunikira zomwe zili pamwambapa, gulu lofufuza limapereka malingaliro otsatirawa kuti apititse patsogolo kugwirizana kwa ma inverters a solar ndi ma module a photovoltaic:
Sinthani kulondola kwa mafananidwe amagetsi amagetsi: Pazophatikizira ndi kupatuka kwakukulu kwamagetsi, opanga ma inverter amatha kukhathamiritsa kapangidwe ka dera ndikutengera ma aligorivimu olondola kwambiri kuti ma aligorivimu amtundu wa inverter azitha kusinthasintha kuti agwirizane ndi mphamvu yayikulu yamagetsi yama module osiyanasiyana a photovoltaic. Mwachitsanzo, pangani inverter yokhala ndi ma voliyumu ambiri olowera omwe amatha kuzindikira ndikusintha ma voliyumu olowera kuti muwonetsetse kuti kupatuka kofananira ndi gawo la photovoltaic kumayendetsedwa mkati mwa 2%. Pazovuta zofananira zomwe zikuchitika, opanga ma module a photovoltaic akuyenera kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa njira yopangira ndikuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwaposachedwa kwa module pamlingo waukulu wamagetsi; nthawi yomweyo, opanga ma inverter amatha kuonjezera chitetezo chokwanira kuti chizitha kupirira kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwazomwe zikuchitika kwakanthawi kochepa, kupewa kutsekeka kwa inverter chifukwa chanthawi yomweyo kupitilira kuchuluka kwake.
Kupititsa patsogolo kusinthika kwa chilengedwe: Pophatikizana ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, opanga ma inverter ayenera kukonza mapangidwe a kutentha kwa kutentha, kutengera zipangizo zochepetsera kutentha ndi zowonongeka, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa inverter kungathe kuyendetsedwa bwino kumalo otentha kwambiri; nthawi yomweyo, konzani kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zida zamagetsi kuti athe kuyamba ndikugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi pansi pa kutentha kochepa. Pazovuta za kusintha kwa chinyezi, PV module ndi opanga ma inverter akuyenera kulimbikitsa kusindikiza kwa zinthu, kutengera zinthu zosungira madzi komanso zotsimikizira chinyezi komanso njira zosindikizira, kuwongolera chitetezo chazigawo zamkati, ndikuletsa kutayikira kwa chinyezi. Pankhani ya kusinthasintha kwapamwamba, opanga ma inverter amayenera kukonzanso zovomerezeka zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zowonongeka kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zapadera za mpweya wochepa kwambiri m'madera okwera kwambiri, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zipangizozi zimatha kugwira ntchito motetezeka komanso mokhazikika m'malo okwera.
Kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono la sensa kuti liyang'ane kukula kwa kuwala ndi kusintha kwa kutentha mu nthawi yeniyeni, kuphatikizapo ma aligorivimu anzeru kuti asinthe MPPT, kuti mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ikhalebe pamwamba pa 95% pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zowunikira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, opanga ma module a PV ayenera kuperekanso zowonjezereka za modules.parameters kuti opanga ma inverter athe kuwongolera bwino ma algorithm a MPPT ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a synergistic.
Limbikitsani kuwongolera bwino ndi kukhazikitsa mulingo woyenera: Opanga akuyenera kutsatira mosamalitsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso yapakhomo pakupanga ndi kuwongolera bwino kuti gulu lililonse lazinthu likwaniritse zofunikira. Panthawi yopangira, limbitsani kuyang'anira kwazinthu zopangira, kuyang'anira njira zopangira ndikuyang'anira zinthu zomalizidwa kuti muchepetse zovuta zofananira zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwazinthu zomwe zimapangidwira. Nthawi yomweyo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mabungwe okhazikika oyenerera apititse patsogolo ndikuwongolera miyezo ndi mfundo zoyezetsa zofananira za ma inverters a solar ndi ma module a photovoltaic, ndikuwonjezera zinthu zoyeserera pazochitika zenizeni zogwiritsira ntchito, monga kuyezetsa ngakhale pansi pazigawo zosiyanasiyana (monga mapiri, zigwa, zipululu, ndi zina zotere), monga unsembe wamadzi, ndi zina zotero. kuunikira momveka bwino momwe zinthu zimayendera ndikupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito maziko olondola osankha zinthu zoyenera.
Chitani R&D ndi kuyesa kolumikizana: Opanga ma module a PV ndi opanga ma inverter ayenera kulimbikitsa mgwirizano ndikuchita nawo ntchito za R&D ndi kuyesa. Pogawana zida zaukadaulo ndi data yoyeserera, konzani bwino kapangidwe kazinthu ndikuwongolera kuti zigwirizane. Mwachitsanzo, maphwando awiriwa atha kukhazikitsa limodzi labotale yolumikizirana kuti ipange mayeso akulu akulu pama module a PV ndi ma inverter pamsika, kusanthula magwiridwe antchito ndi zovuta zomwe zilipo pazophatikizira zosiyanasiyana, ndikupanga kusintha kwaukadaulo.