Solar Charge Controller Principle
The working principle of solar charge controller is mainly based on optimizing the power output of solar panels. By adjusting the working point of solar panels in real time, it can always keep it in the maximum power output state, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the entire solar system.
Solar charge controller, also known as MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) controller, its working principle includes the following key steps:
Detection and calculation: The MPPT controller continuously detects the voltage and current of the solar panel, which is the basis for achieving maximum power point tracking. According to the detected voltage and current values, the MPPT controller calculates the current output power.
Maximum power point tracking: The output power of solar panels is affected by many factors such as light intensity and temperature, so its maximum power point (MPP) will change with changes in environmental conditions. MPPT controllers track this maximum power point through specific algorithms (such as conductance increment method, perturbation observation method, etc.). These algorithms can predict and adjust the working state of solar panels so that they always work near the maximum power point.
DC-DC conversion: In order to achieve maximum power point tracking, MPPT controllers usually contain DC-DC converters. This converter can adjust the output voltage and current of the solar panel to match the current maximum power point according to the instructions of the MPPT controller. By adjusting the duty cycle of the DC-DC converter (the duty cycle of the PWM signal), the MPPT controller can control the output of the solar panel to keep it at the maximum power output state.
Battery charging management: In addition to maximum power point tracking, the MPPT controller is also responsible for battery charging management. It can adjust the charging current and voltage according to the battery charging state to prevent overcharging and over-discharging and protect the battery.
In summary, the solar charge controller effectively improves the power generation efficiency of the solar system and the service life of the battery by real-time detection, calculation, tracking of the maximum power point and adjusting the output voltage/current, as well as managing the battery charging process.